Introduction:
Gene editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as a powerful technology with the capability of precisely modifying the genome of a wide range of organisms.
Context:
Scientists at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) are in the process of developing resilient and high-yield rice varieties using such gene-editing techniques, which have already been approved by many countries, and they hope to have such rice varieties in the hands of Indian farmers by 2024.
Background:
The IARI has previously worked on golden rice, a traditional GM variety that inserted genes from other organisms into the rice plant but ended trials over five years ago due to agronomic issues.
The Institute has now moved to newer technologies such as Site-Directed Nuclease (SDN) 1 and 2.
They aim to bring precision and efficiency into the breeding process using gene-editing tools such as CRISPR.
What are SDN-1 AND SDN2?
SDN-1 and SDN-2 do not use recombinant DNA, do not lead to the insertion of foreign DNA. As such, they do not produce new plant varieties that fall under the scope of the GMO legislation.
What are the benefits of SDN technology?
What is the CRISPR technique?
How GEAC works?
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) functions in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). As per Rules, 1989, it is responsible for the appraisal of activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle. The committee is also responsible for the appraisal of proposals relating to the release of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and products into the environment including experimental field trials.
Why CRISPR technique is comparatively safe?
Conclusion:
The simplicity of the CRISPR platform, compared with the earlier tools, has led to its rapid adoption and wide expansion of its applications. With these advancements, genome editing can positively impact sustainable development, environmental management, food security and find applications in the development of affordable diagnostics and therapeutics for various diseases.
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