General Studies II- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Ahead of the 27th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP 27), in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, in November, the Union Cabinet has approved India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), a formal statement detailing its action plan to address climate change.
2015 Paris Agreement
The Paris agreement was open for signatures from April 22, 2016, to April 21, 2017, came into force on November 4, 2016.
The Paris Agreement (also known as Conference of Parties 21 or COP 21) is a multilateral agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to combat climate change and its adverse effects.
The 20/20/20 targets of the Paris Agreement-The Paris Agreement aims to reduce Carbon Dioxide emissions by 20% and targets to increase the renewable energy market share and energy efficiency by 20% each.
The Agreement was adopted in Paris, France on 12 December 2015, and the agreement was signed on April 22, 2016, to reduce the emission of gasses contributing to global warming. At present, 195 UNFCCC members have signed the Paris Agreement. The agreement replaced the Kyoto Protocol, a similar agreement to combat climate change.
1- During the Paris Agreement, the developed countries committed $100 Billion a year.
2- For the launch of CREWS (Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems) initiative and Climate Risk Insurance, the G7 countries announced USD 420 Million.
(G7 countries-It includes 7 countries, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries meet annually to discuss several issues including global economic governance, international security, and energy policy.)
Paris Agreement | Kyoto Protocol |
1- No difference between developed and developing nations. | 1- There was a differentiation between the developed and the developing nations. |
2- Countries announce their next round of targets every five years. | 2- No such specific announcement of targets was made. |
1- India stated that rapid growth is required to meet the requirements of the 1.25 billion population of the globe. Out of this, 300 million people still do not have access to energy.
2- Despite the increasing demands, India pledged to limit the emissions intensity per unit GDP by 33-35% of 2005 levels.
3- India also aims to reach 40% of the installed capacity via non-fossil fuels.
4- By the year 2022, India targets 175 GW of renewable energy generation.
5- India set a goal to increase forest cover to absorb 2.5 billion tonnes worth of carbon dioxide.
NDC stands for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).
To keep the increase in global temperature in this century below 2°C above pre-industrial levels while making efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C by 2100.
The 20/20/20 targets of the Paris Agreement-The Paris Agreement aims to reduce Carbon Dioxide emissions by 20% and targets to increase the renewable energy market share and energy efficiency by 20% each.
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