The Government of India categorizes Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) under three different categories – Maharatna, Navratna, and Miniratna. These categorizations are based on different criteria. Maharatna companies are prestigious public sector enterprises in India that have achieved the highest level of recognition and autonomy. They are selected based on their financial performance, global presence, and contribution to the national economy. This article gives the eligibility criteria, and list of Maharatna companies for the IAS exam.
Download PDF: List of Maharatna-Companies
To qualify for Maharatna status, a company must meet the following criteria:
Benefits for Investment: Here are some of the benefits of Maharatna’s status mentioned below.
Overall, Maharatna company’s status provides many benefits to CPSEs. These benefits can help these companies to grow and develop, and contribute to the growth of the Indian economy.
The following table provides a compilation of Maharatna Companies that are significant from the perspective of the UPSC examination.
List of 13 Maharatna Companies | |
Sl.No | Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE) |
1 | National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) |
2 | Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) |
3 | Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) |
4 | Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) |
5 | Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) |
6 | Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) |
7 | Coal India Limited (CIL) |
8 | Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) |
9 | Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) |
10 | Power Grid Corporation of India (POWERGRID) |
11 | Power Finance Corporation |
12 | Rural Electrification Corporation Limited |
13 | Oil India Ltd |
NTPC, which obtained Maharatna status from the Indian government in May 2010, was established on November 7, 1975. It operates from 70 different locations within India, along with one location in Sri Lanka and two locations in Bangladesh. NTPC Limited has five regional headquarters across India. NTPC Limited provides the following services:
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) is a prominent Indian public sector undertaking (PSU) specializing in the exploration, production, and development of crude oil and natural gas resources. Established in 1956, ONGC occupies a pivotal position in India’s energy sector, making significant contributions to the nation’s oil and gas production.
Operating both onshore and offshore, ONGC explores diverse oil and gas fields within India and internationally. Beyond exploration, ONGC is involved in refining, marketing petroleum products, petrochemical production, renewable energy projects, and research and development endeavors. With a focus on energy security, technological innovation, and sustainable practices, ONGC plays a critical role in India’s economic progress and energy self-reliance.
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is a government-owned steel manufacturing company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is ranked as the 20th largest steel producer globally and the third largest in India. SAIL operates five integrated steel plants located in Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Bokaro, and Burnpur (Asansol), along with three special steel plants situated in Salem, Durgapur, and Bhadravathi. These facilities contribute to SAIL’s extensive production capacity and enable the company to meet diverse steel demands.
BHEL is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing, construction, testing, commissioning, and servicing of a wide range of products, systems, and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz.
BHEL supplies electric locomotives to the Indian Railways and defence equipment such as the Super Rapid Gun Mount (SRGM) naval guns manufactured in partnership with the Ordnance Factory Board and simulators to the Indian Armed Forces.
Indian Oil Corporation Limited’s (IOCL) business interests overlap the entire hydrocarbon value chain, including
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian state-owned oil and gas company headquartered in Mumbai. It is one of the largest integrated oil companies in India, with interests in exploration and production, refining, marketing, and petrochemicals. HPCL has a network of over 16,000 petrol pumps and 600 LPG distributorships across India.
The company has a refining capacity of 180 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) and markets a variety of petroleum products, including petrol, diesel, LPG, and aviation fuel. HPCL is a profitable company and has been consistently paying dividends to its shareholders. It is also committed to corporate social responsibility and has implemented several initiatives to improve the lives of the people living in the areas around its operations. Here are some of the key facts about HPCL:
Coal India Limited – Subsidiaries
1. GAIL was conferred with the Maharatna status on 1 Feb 2013, by the Government of India.
2. GAIL is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
3. GAIL is the largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company in India.
4. GAIL was established in August 1984.
1. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) received Maharatna status in 2017.
2. BPCL is India’s 2nd largest fuel retailer.
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) is involved in the following business
Established in 1986, Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is a non-banking financial corporation with a vision to become the primary institutional partner for the power and related infrastructure sectors in India and abroad, covering the entire value chain. PFC is widely regarded as the financial backbone of the Indian power sector.
Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) operates under the administrative jurisdiction of the Ministry of Power, Government of India. It is registered with the RBI as a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC), Public Financial Institution (PFI), and Infrastructure Financing Company (IFC). REC offers long-term loans and various financial solutions to State, Central, and Private Companies to facilitate the development of infrastructure assets in the nation. The organization was established in 1969.
OIL, a state-owned enterprise of the Government of India, operates under the administrative purview of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. It stands as the second-largest national oil and gas company in India. Established in 1959, OIL specializes in the exploration, development, and production of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the transportation of crude oil and the production of liquid petroleum Gas.
Relatable Article | |
Miniratna Companies | Navratna Companies |
Maharatna status is granted to a company that has recorded more than Rs. 5,000 crore of net profit for three consecutive years, an average annual turnover of Rs. 25,000 crore for three years or should have an average annual net worth of Rs. 15,000 crore for three years.
There are 13 Maharatna enterprises in India altogether.
Central Government has given “Maharatna” status to Power Finance Corporation (PFC).
examples of Maharatnas are Indian oil corporation limited, ONGC, Coal India limited, GAIL, etc.
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