Down To Earth is a fortnightly magazine focusing on politics of environment and development, published in New Delhi, India.
UPSC Previous years’ questions on Development, Environment, Health and Disaster Management give us a clear idea about the increased importance of DTE magazine.
DTE Magazine is one of the most important and indispensable source for UPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation. Keeping this in mind, here, we come with ”Gist Of Down To Earth Magazine” which covers important environmental current affairs articles in smooth pointed form, keeping in mind the demand of UPSC aspirants.
The Fire Explosives and Environment Agency submitted its findings on incidents of electric vehicle (EV) fires to the government in May.
The findings say:
The electric vehicle battery comprises multiple battery cells and a battery management system. The cells have four
components—cathode, anode, separator and electrolyte. The cell operates by discharging lithium ions from the
anode to the cathode through the electrolyte. The following are the most common ways a battery catches fire:
The graphite anode has a thin layer called the solid electrolyte interface to protect the graphite from reacting with the electrolyte. Irregularity in its formation can run the risk of a rupture in the event of an external force, even movement on an uneven road. As the electrolyte is flammable, such a rupture can cause fire.
Batteries in e-scooters use a cathode chemistry called lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). Such oxide layered compounds have a tendency to generate large amounts of oxygen at temperatures above 200˚Celsius. If there is a hot spot within the battery, the oxygen will help build a fire.
Dendrites are thin, hair-like structures that form on the anode due to overcharging. After the graphite is fully charged, the lithium ions continue to pile on the graphite and can grow long enough to break through the separator, coming into contact with the cathode, causing a short circuit.
A battery management system (BMS) can stall an overcharging event to prevent a fire. A faulty BMS is believed to be one of the reasons behind the explosions of mobile phones a few years ago. Ever since, lithium ion batteries are programmed to charge up not beyond 80 per cent
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