The oldest law in the world is Hindu Law. Hindu law was initially developed to meet all of the needs of the populace and promote their welfare. The Shruti (God’s words), Smriti (text), customs (previous traditions), commentaries, and digests serve as the foundation for Hindu law.
Modern Hindu law is divided into two categories: codified law and uncodified law. Every Hindu is governed by codified law. However, uncodified Hindu Law contains the ideas of the schools of Hindu law, which are not found in codified law. Many academics from all over India authored commentaries on the Vedas and Smritis, which served as the foundation for the many schools of Hindu law.
As the Smriti evolved, different commentators and interpreters’ perspectives diverged. While different codes were created, there was no supreme body of law. An authority may be fully recognised in one region of India and completely rejected in another. People who embraced one authority were probably not going to accept another. As a result, various schools of thought developed.
The following are the two main schools of Hindu law:
The Vijnaneshwara Commentary gave its name to the Hindu system of law known as Mitakshara. All of India is affected, with the exception of Bengal and Assam. Additionally, it governs all issues on which the Dayabhaga School of Law is quiet in Bengal and Assam.
विजनेश्वर भाष्य ने अपना नाम हिंदू कानून व्यवस्था को दिया जिसे मिताक्षरा के नाम से जाना जाता है। बंगाल और असम को छोड़कर पूरा भारत प्रभावित है। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह उन सभी मुद्दों को नियंत्रित करता है जिन पर बंगाल और असम में दयाभागा स्कूल ऑफ लॉ शांत है।
The Dayabhaga School, which derives its name from the Jimutavahana summary, is another important school of Hindu law. It is prevalent in Bengal and Assam and only addresses inheritance and partition.
दयाभाग स्कूल, जिसका नाम जिमुतवाहन सारांश से लिया गया है, हिंदू कानून का एक और महत्वपूर्ण स्कूल है। यह बंगाल और असम में प्रचलित है और केवल विरासत और विभाजन को संबोधित करता है।
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