Major Sites of Harappa Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, or Harappan civilization was a Bronze Age civilisation in the north western regions of South Asia. It lasted from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The Indus civilisation is also known as the Harappan Civilisation, after its type site, Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now in Pakistan. In this article, we will discuss the various sites of Harappan civilization and their excavation.

Year	Site	Location	Excavated by	Major findings
1921	Harappa	Sahiwal District, Punjab; near the banks of Ravi	Daya Ram Sahni	Piece of Pottery with Indus Script Cubical Limestone Weight Sandstone statues of Human anatomy Copper Bullock cart Granaries Coffin burials (Only founded in Harrapa) Terracotta Figurines
1922	Mohenjo-Daro	Larkana District of Sind; near the bank of Indus	R. D Banerjee	Great bath Granary Unicorn Seals Bronze dancing girl statue Seal of a man with deers, elephants, tiger and rhinos around- (Considered to be Pashupati Seal) Steatite statue of beard man Bronze buffalo
1929	Sutkagendor	Baluchistan; on Dast river	Stein	Trade point between Harappa and Babylon Flint Blades Stone Vessels Stone Arrowheads Shell Beads Pottery
1931	Chanhudaro (only city without a citadel)	Mullan Sandha, Sind; on the Indus river	N G Majumdar	Bangle Factory Ink Pot Bead makers shop Footprint of a dog chasing a cat Cart with a seated driver
1935	Amri	Close to Balochistan; on the bank of Indus river	N G Majumdar	Antelope evidence Rhinoceros’ evidence
1953	Kalibangan	Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan on the bank of Ghaggar river	Amlanand Ghose	Lower fortified town Wooden drainage Copper Ox Evidence of earthquake Wooden plough Camel’s bone Fire alters Camel’s bones Furrowed land
1953	Lothal	Gujarat; on Bhogva river near the Gulf of Cambay	R. Rao	Port Town Graveyard Ivory weight balance Copper dog First manmade port Dockyard Rice husk Fire alters Chess-playing
1964	Surkotada	Gujarat	J P Joshi	Bones of horses Beads Stone Covered Beads
1974	Banawali (Only city with radial streets)	Fatehabad district of Haryana	R S Bisht	Beads Barley Oval shaped settlement Toy plough The largest number of barley grains
1985	Dholavira (Only site to be divided into three parts)	Gujarat; in Rann of Kutchchh	R S Bisht	Exclusive water management Giant water reservoir Unique water harnessing system Dams Embankments Stadium Rock – Cut architecture

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