Solid State Lithium Metal Battery

Table of Contents

Solid State Lithium Metal Battery: Relevance

GS 3: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Recently, Shareholders of California-based QuantumScape Corp, a battery startup backed by Volkswagen AG, have approved a multibillion-dollar pay package. It has triggered comparisons with the package that Tesla awarded Elon Musk in 2018.

QuantumScape’s solid-state battery is seen as an exceptionally bright prospect in an increasingly crowded space.
Solid-state batteries or SSBs are the lithium-ion batteries made with solid electrolytes.
Solid-state batteries are an emerging option for next-generation traction batteries promising low cost, high performance and high safety.

The nascent technology has the potential to trump the current incumbent—lithium-ion batteries made with liquid electrolytes—by being stable at high temperatures, which enables safer operation and better performance.
SSBs promised that electric vehicles and mobile phones will no longer be at risk from batteries that catch fire.
The solid electrolyte perse doesn’t improve performance, but its stability and barrier properties allow the safe use of energy-dense anode materials such as lithium metal and silicon that help the SSBs outperform the lithium-ion batteries that are in use today.
A solid-state battery has higher energy density than a Li-ion battery that uses liquid electrolyte solution. It doesn’t have a risk of explosion or fire, so there is no need to have components for safety, thus saving more space.
A solid-state battery can increase energy density per unit area since only a small number of batteries are needed. For that reason, a solid-state battery is perfect to make an EV battery system of module and pack, which needs high capacity.

A traditional lithium-ion battery has an anode, a separator immersed in a liquid electrolyte, and a cathode. During discharge, lithium ions flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte and across the separator.
SSB, on the other hand, do not need a separator, since the solid electrolyte acts as a physical barrier between the anode and cathode.

There are various scientific challenges associated with using solid electrolytes.
Its developers are yet to prove that they can make SSBs at commercial scale.

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