UPSC News Diary Toda 01-10-2022

Table of Contents

”UPSC News Diary Today” is every day published in the evening between 6-7 PM and contains all current affairs articles from the day on a single platform. ”UPSC News Diary Today” covers various topics from UPSC Syllabus and is very helpful and time managing for UPSC Aspirants. The framing of this daily current affairs compilation article is easy to read and understandable also.

In the ”UPSC News Diary Today” article, we focus on both UPSC Preliminary and Mains exam-oriented current affairs & prepare a gist of daily important news articles from leading National Newspapers, PIB, and other various official sources.

National Pension System Diwas

Why in news?

The Pension Regulator PFRDA is observing 1st October as the National Pension System Diwas (NPS Diwas) to promote pension and retirement planning among the citizens of India and enjoy financial independence post-retirement.

About PFRDA

Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority is the regulatory body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India for overall supervision and regulation of pension in India.
The Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority Act was passed on 19 September 2013 and the same was notified on 1 February 2014.
PFRDA is regulating NPS, subscribed by employees of Govt. of India, State Governments and by employees of private institutions/organizations & unorganized sectors.
The PFRDA is ensuring the orderly growth and development of the pension market.

Standing Deposit Facility (SDF)

Why in news?

RBI hikes the repo rate by 50 basis points to 5.9% standing deposit facility (SDF) rate stands adjusted to 5.65 percent; the marginal standing facility (MSF) rate, and the Bank Rate to 6.15 percent.

Know about SDF

In 2018, the amended Section 17 of the RBI Act empowered the Reserve Bank to introduce the SDF – an additional tool for absorbing liquidity without any collateral.
By removing the binding collateral constraint on the RBI, the SDF strengthens the operating framework of monetary policy.
The SDF is also a financial stability tool in addition to its role in liquidity management.
The main purpose of SDF is to reduce the excess liquidity of Rs 8.5 lakh crore in the system, and control inflation.

Dadasaheb Phalke award 2022

Why in news?

Asha Parekh receives Dada Saheb Phalke award 2022.

Know about Dadasaheb Phalke award

Instituted in 1969 when presented to Devika Rani, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award was introduced by the Government of India to commemorate Dadasaheb Phalke’s contribution to Indian cinema who directed India’s first full-length feature film, Raja Harishchandra in 1913.
Honoured with the highest award in the field of cinema, the recipients are recognized for their ‘outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema’.
The award comprises a Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) medallion, a shawl, and a cash prize of ₹10 lakh.

UNESCO- MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference

UNESCO- MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference- Relevance for UPSC Exam

GS Paper 2: International Conference- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

UNESCO- MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference in News

Minister of State for Culture will represent India in the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development- MONDIACULT 2022.
The Indian Minister is expected to address the MONDIACULT 2022 conference on burning issues and concerns of the Cultural sector policies.

MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference

About: The UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development- MONDIACULT 2022 is convened by UNESCO forty years after the first Mondiacult World Conference on Cultural Policies.
- First UNESCO- MONDIACULT 2022 was held in Mexico City (Mexico) in 1982.
- MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference is being held 24 years after the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies for Development held in Stockholm (Sweden) in 1998.
- UNESCO-MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference is the third such conference.
Participation: In UNESCO-MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference, Culture Ministers of more than 100 countries will participate on this multilateral forum to decide on the global cultural discourse.
Venue: UNESCO- MONDIACULT 2022 is being held in Mexico City (Mexico).
Mandate: The main goal of the MONDIACULT 2022 World conference is-
- To shape a more robust and resilient cultural sector, fully anchored in the perspectives of sustainable development as well as
- Promotion of solidarity, peace, and security, in line with the vision enshrined in the UN Secretary-General’s report ‘Our Common Agenda’ (September 2021).
- UN Secretary-General’s report ‘Our Common Agenda’ refers to culture as a ‘global public good, the good of us all.’
Significance: UNESCO has convened its Member States and the global community to embark jointly on a continuous reflection on cultural policies to tackle global challenges and outline immediate and future priorities.

What are Sustainable Development Goals?

First discussed in United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015.
Sustainable development goals of UN were adopted as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.
In 2015, 3-landmark agreement was signed. Sustainable development goals by UN , COP 15 or Paris Climate Conference and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

UNESCO Creative Cities Network

Paryatan Parv 2022

Paryatan Parv 2022- Relevance for UPSC Exam

GS Paper 1: Indian History- Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.

Paryatan Parv 2022 in News

Recently, Union Minister of State for Tourism Shripad Yesso Naik inaugurated ‘Paryatan Parv – 2022’ at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Mumbai.
MoS Tourism urged all states to focus on film tourism in the country and the upcoming G20 Presidency which is to be held in the country.

Paryatan Parv 2022 (Tourism Festival)

About: ‘Paryatan Parv’ is an initiative based on the vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister that aims for promotion of domestic tourism.
- The Ministry of Tourism is organizing ‘Paryatan Parv – 2022’ (Tourism Festival) as part of Iconic Week celebration of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
Venue: Tourism Festival 2022 is being organized in Mumbai from 30th September to 2nd October, 2022.
Organizing Ministry: Ministry of Tourism is entrusted with organizing ‘Paryatan Parv – 2022’ (Tourism Festival).
Mandate: Paryatan Parv 2022 is being organized to showcase diverse Culture, Art, Crafts and Cuisine of the States and one UT from Western & Central Region namely-
- Maharashtra,
- Gujarat,
- Goa,
- Madhya Pradesh,
- Chhattisgarh and
- UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.
Key Objectives: Paryatan Parv shall focus on domestic tourists especially to sensitize youth.
- The members of Yuva Tourism club from schools and colleges have been invited to participate in Paryatn Parv this year.
- This will also bring about a better understanding of heritage and culture of the Region amongst Mumbaikars.
- The event is promoted with the aim of creating awareness about varied Tourism Product, Cuisine, Heritage and Culture of India.

Key Highlights of Paryatan Parv 2022

Tourism Pavilions of 8 State Tourism Departments from Western & Central Region and also other State Tourism Offices present in Mumbai.
Multimedia Exhibition on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Celebrating 75 years of India’s Independence by Central Bureau of Communication , Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India
Kitchen Studio – showcase of cuisines of the region under the theme ‘Pashim – Madhya Milap’ by Institute of Hotel Management, Mumbai
Crafts Bazaar with 15 Handicraft stalls by Artisans from 5 states and one Union Territory in the Western & Central Region invited by Development Commissioner, Handicrafts, Ministry of Textiles.
Cultural Performances at the Central stage showcasing Folk Arts from across India.
Ministry of Ayush stall on theme Ayurveda @2047.
Stall by Indian Air Force recruiting office, Mumbai promoting Agnipath Scheme.
Free Guided Walking Tours by the Regional Level Tourist Guides covering attractions in and around Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya.
Workshop on Art and Competitions for School Children
Other Interactive Activities to keep visitors engaged.

Boost Tourism Through Disruption

Livelihood Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD)

Introduction

According to FAO and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the spread of LSD can lead to “substantial” and “severe” economic losses.
In India, the dependency on livestock for their income is more among marginal farmers.
Livestock share in total farm income in India is higher among smallholders and even more than the cultivation of crops for marginal farmers.
According to the Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households and Land and Livestock Holdings of Households in Rural India, 2019 prepared by the National Statistical Office, 10.9 per cent of those having 0.01 ha of land are engaged in livestock production, as opposed to 1.2 per cent and 0.8 per cent of those having 4-10 ha of land and above 10 ha land respectively.

What is Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD)?

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a virus from the family Poxviridae, genus Capripoxvirus. Sheeppox virus and goatpox virus are the two other virus species in this genus.
LSDV is highly host specific and causes disease only in cattle (Bos indicus and B. taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
LSDV is not zoonotic, so humans cannot get affected by the disease.
The disease is characterized by viremia, nodules on the skin, sit-fast formation, weight loss, emaciation, and reduction in milk and meat production.
Transmission occurs in a wide variety of biotypes, from semi-desert to temperate grasslands and irrigated land. It has the potential to extend its range further.
The morbidity rates for LSD during outbreaks vary between 10 and 20% although it has been reported in some places to be as high as 45%, and mortality rates of 1 to 5% are considered usual.

Economic impacts of LSD

The disease leads to reduced milk production as the animal becomes weak and also loses appetite due to mouth ulceration. The income losses can also be due to poor growth, reduced draught power capacity and reproductive problems associated with abortions, infertility and lack of semen for artificial insemination.
A risk assessment study conducted by the FAO based on information available from 2019 to October 2020 revealed that the economic impact of LSD for South, East and Southeast Asian countries “was estimated to be up to $1.45 billion in direct losses of livestock and production”.
The current outbreak in India has emerged as a challenge for the dairy sector. India is the world’s largest milk producer at about 210 million tonnes annually. India also has the largest headcount of cattle and buffalo worldwide.

Livestock farming is the mainstay for Farmers

Livestock farming is the mainstay for most of India’s poorest farmers, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The sector contributed 4.35 per cent of total gross value added in 2019-20.
It acts as an insurance during environmental stresses and has been more dependable than crops, especially for small and marginal farmers.
Small and marginal farmers (who have less than two hectares (ha) of land) have a higher share in livestock farming than their medium and large counterparts.

How to control LSD?

Successful control and eradication of LSD relies on early detection of the index case, followed by a rapid and widespread vaccination campaign.
It is unlikely that total stamping-out (killing all clinically affected cattle and unaffected herd-mates) and partial stamping-out (killing only clinically affected cattle) alone, in the absence of vaccination, can eradicate LSD.
There is no known carrier state. Once an animal has recovered, it is well protected and cannot be the source of infection for other animals.
In infected animals that do not show clinical signs, the virus may remain in the blood for a few weeks and eventually disappear.

Poshan Maah 2022

Poshan Maah 2022- Relevance for UPSC Exam

GS Paper 2: Governance, Administration and Challenges
- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

Poshan Maah 2022 in News

The Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrating the 5th edition of Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2022.
Rashtriya Poshan Maah is celebrated annually in the month of September since last five years.

Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2022

Background: Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition (POSHAN) Abhiyaan aka National Nutrition Mission was launched in 2018.
- POSHAN Abhiyaan was launched with the aim of providing good nutrition to children under 6 years of age, pregnant women, lactating mothers and adolescent Girls.
- Since 2018, the month of September is celebrated as the Poshan Maah for generating awareness and promote women and child healthcare.
About: Poshan Maah 2022 is celebrated to develop practices that nurture health, fitness and immunity to disease as well as end the menace of malnutrition in the nation.
Mandate: the objective is to activate Poshan Maah by reaching the ground level with the help of Gram Panchayats.
Theme: Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2022 theme is “Mahila aur Swasthya” (Woman and Health) and “Bacha aur Shiksha” (Child and Education). Poshan Maah 2022.

Poshan Maah 2022- Key Activities

The focus will also be on the importance of rainwater harvesting and women will be educated at Anganwadi centres.
Information related to traditional food items for healthy mothers and children in tribal areas will be provided.
‘Amma ki Rasoi’, an activity to give importance to traditional nutritious dishes, will also be organised.
Traditional foods will be promoted by integrating them with local festivals during Poshan Maah.
Toy manufacturing workshops will also be organized on a national level to promote the use of indigenous and local toys for teaching children in Anganwadi centres.

POSHAN Abhiyaan 2022

POSHAN Abhiyaan is a programmatic approach in addressing the life cycle issues of malnutrition.
- Reduction of anemia is one of the important objectives of the POSHAN Abhiyaan in convergence with key Ministries/ Departments, mainly Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoH&FW).
- A range of efforts are underway to improve the integration of nutrition interventions into the existing health platforms through various strategic measures.
Under POSHAN Abhiyaan, efforts are also being made to-
- Strengthen processes for community engagement,
- Empowerment of beneficiaries and
- Behavioural change towards better nutrition for which the Abhiyaan provides a platform for organizing Community Based Events (CBEs) in Anganwadi Centres.
Under Community Based Events, messages related to public health for improvement of nutrition and to reduce illness, prevention of anemia, importance of nutritious food, diet diversity etc. are being conducted.
Many States/UTs have developed indigenous best practices like use of iron utensils for cooking to reduce iron deficiency, integrating Ayurveda products and formulations with supplementary nutrition etc.