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Quit India Movement Started in 1942 Date, Year, & Images

Quit India Movement

Quit India Movement: During World War II, Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, during the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee on August 8, 1942, demanding an end to British rule in India.

 

When was the Quit India Movement started in 1942 Date?

Following the failure of the Cripps Mission to garner Indian assistance for the British war effort, Gandhi delivered his Quit India address at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on August 8, 1942. The All India Congress Committee organised a huge protest to demand “An Orderly British Withdrawal” from India, as Gandhi put it. Despite the fact that they were at war, the British were ready to intervene. Within hours of Gandhi’s speech, nearly the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without charge. Most of them spent the rest of the war in prison, away from the public eye. The Viceroy’s Council, the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service all rallied behind the British.

The Quit India Movement was opposed by many Indian businesspeople who profited from the country’s enormous military spending throughout the war. Many students were more interested in Subhas Chandra Bose, who was living in exile and siding with the Axis Powers. President Franklin D. Roosevelt urged Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands, which was the sole outside backing. The Quit India movement was effectively suffocated. The British refused to grant independence immediately, claiming that it could only happen after the war finished. Small-scale violence erupted in various parts of the country, and the British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, imprisoning them until 1945. Quit India failed to achieve its immediate goals due to harsh repression, poor coordination, and a lack of a well-defined plan of action. The British government, on the other hand, realised that India would be unmanageable in the long term, and the dilemma for the postwar era was how to go gracefully and quietly.

 

Quit India Movement Started in Year

Indian nationalists were enraged in 1939 when Lord Linlithgow, the British Governor-General of India, led India into the war without consulting them. The Muslim League backed the war, although Congress was split on the issue. The Congress Party had passed a resolution at the Wardha working-committee meeting in September 1939, conditionally supporting the battle against fascism, but they were turned down when they demanded independence in return.

Gandhi outlined his plan to initiate individual civil disobedience during a meeting of the Congress Working Committee in Wardha, in the background of widespread dissatisfaction over the rejection of the Congress’s demands. The weapon of satyagraha was once again widely accepted as the finest way to wage a crusade against the British. It was extensively used as a form of protest against the British’s unyielding position. Gandhi chose Vinoba Bhave, a devotee of Gandhi, to lead the movement. Anti-war speeches reverberated around the country, with satyagrahis pleading urgently with the people of the country not to back the government in its war efforts.

Due to these circumstances many local violence also took place:

  • The potential to galvanise revolt at the national level was restricted due to a lack of leadership.
  • In certain regions, the movement had a local impact. Especially in Maharashtra’s Satara, Odisha’s Talcher, and Midnapore’s Midnapore.
  • Local people in Midnapore’s Tamluk and Contai subdivisions were successful in establishing parallel governments, which continued to function until Gandhi personally ordered that the leaders disband in 1944.
  • In Ballia, Uttar Pradesh’s easternmost district, there was a brief revolt. The district administration was overthrown, the jail was broken open, the arrested Congress leaders were liberated, and the people created their own autonomous control. The British were unable to reinstate their writ in the territory for several weeks.
  • The role of the region’s ‘baharvatiya’ tradition (i.e. breaking the law) in aiding the movement’s sabotage actions was particularly important in Saurashtra (western Gujarat).
  • Peasants’ dissatisfaction of the additional war taxes and forced rice exports fueled the Quit India Movement in rural west Bengal. There was open resistance to the point of revolt in 1942, but the movement was put on hold when the Great Famine of 1943 struck.

 

Quit India Movement was Launched in Response to What?

One of the movement’s major accomplishments was keeping the Congress party unified through all of the subsequent difficulties and tribulations. Already worried by the Japanese army’s approach to the India-Burma border, the British responded by imprisoning Gandhi. Also imprisoned were all members of the Party’s Working Committee (national leadership). Due to the arrests of senior officials, the AICC session on August 9th was presided over by a young and relatively unknown Aruna Asaf Ali, who hoisted the flag; the Congress party was afterwards banned. These activities merely added to the public’s sympathy for the cause. Large rallies and demonstrations were held around the country despite the lack of direct leadership. Strikes were organised after huge groups of workers stayed absent. Not all protests were peaceful; in certain locations, bombs were detonated, government buildings were set on fire, power was cut, and transportation and communication links were damaged.

Quit India Movement Images and Posters

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Poster

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Quit India Movement 1942 in Hindi

 

भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन: द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान, महात्मा गांधी ने भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन शुरू किया, जिसे अगस्त आंदोलन के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, 8 अगस्त, 1942 को अखिल भारतीय कांग्रेस कमेटी के बॉम्बे सत्र के दौरान, भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन को समाप्त करने की मांग की।

 

1947 की तारीख में भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन कब शुरू हुआ था?

ब्रिटिश युद्ध के प्रयासों के लिए भारतीय सहायता प्राप्त करने में क्रिप्स मिशन की विफलता के बाद, गांधी ने 8 अगस्त, 1942 को बॉम्बे के गोवालिया टैंक मैदान में अपना भारत छोड़ो भाषण दिया। अखिल भारतीय कांग्रेस कमेटी ने “एक व्यवस्थित” की मांग के लिए एक विशाल विरोध का आयोजन किया। भारत से ब्रिटिश निकासी”, जैसा कि गांधी ने कहा था। इस तथ्य के बावजूद कि वे युद्ध में थे, अंग्रेज हस्तक्षेप करने के लिए तैयार थे। गांधी के भाषण के कुछ ही घंटों के भीतर, भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के लगभग पूरे नेतृत्व को बिना किसी आरोप के जेल में डाल दिया गया था। उनमें से अधिकांश ने शेष युद्ध जनता की नज़रों से दूर, जेल में बिताया। वायसराय की परिषद, अखिल भारतीय मुस्लिम लीग, हिंदू महासभा, रियासतें, भारतीय शाही पुलिस, ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना और भारतीय सिविल सेवा सभी अंग्रेजों के पीछे खड़े हो गए।

भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन का कई भारतीय व्यापारियों ने विरोध किया था, जिन्होंने पूरे युद्ध में देश के भारी सैन्य खर्च से लाभ उठाया था। कई छात्र सुभाष चंद्र बोस में अधिक रुचि रखते थे, जो निर्वासन में रह रहे थे और धुरी शक्तियों के साथ थे। राष्ट्रपति फ्रैंकलिन डी. रूजवेल्ट ने प्रधान मंत्री विंस्टन चर्चिल से कुछ भारतीय मांगों को मानने का आग्रह किया, जो एकमात्र बाहरी समर्थन था। भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन प्रभावी रूप से घुट गया था। अंग्रेजों ने यह दावा करते हुए तुरंत स्वतंत्रता देने से इनकार कर दिया कि यह युद्ध समाप्त होने के बाद ही हो सकता है। देश के विभिन्न हिस्सों में छोटे पैमाने पर हिंसा भड़क उठी, और अंग्रेजों ने हजारों नेताओं को गिरफ्तार कर लिया, 1945 तक उन्हें कैद कर लिया। कठोर दमन, खराब समन्वय और कुएं की कमी के कारण भारत छोड़ो अपने तत्काल लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने में विफल रहा- परिभाषित कार्य योजना। दूसरी ओर, ब्रिटिश सरकार ने महसूस किया कि भारत लंबे समय तक अप्रबंधनीय होगा, और युद्ध के बाद के युग के लिए दुविधा यह थी कि कैसे इनायत और चुपचाप जाना है।

 

भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन वर्ष में शुरू हुआ

1939 में भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी क्रोधित हो गए जब भारत के ब्रिटिश गवर्नर-जनरल लॉर्ड लिनलिथगो ने उनसे परामर्श किए बिना भारत को युद्ध में ले जाया। मुस्लिम लीग ने युद्ध का समर्थन किया, हालांकि कांग्रेस इस मुद्दे पर विभाजित हो गई थी। कांग्रेस पार्टी ने सितंबर 1939 में वर्धा कार्यसमिति की बैठक में फासीवाद के खिलाफ लड़ाई का सशर्त समर्थन करते हुए एक प्रस्ताव पारित किया था, लेकिन जब उन्होंने बदले में स्वतंत्रता की मांग की तो उन्हें ठुकरा दिया गया।

गांधी ने वर्धा में कांग्रेस कार्यसमिति की एक बैठक के दौरान व्यक्तिगत सविनय अवज्ञा शुरू करने की अपनी योजना की रूपरेखा तैयार की, कांग्रेस की मांगों की अस्वीकृति पर व्यापक असंतोष की पृष्ठभूमि में। सत्याग्रह के हथियार को एक बार फिर व्यापक रूप से अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ धर्मयुद्ध छेड़ने के बेहतरीन तरीके के रूप में स्वीकार किया गया। इसका व्यापक रूप से अंग्रेजों की अडिग स्थिति के खिलाफ विरोध के रूप में इस्तेमाल किया गया था। गांधी ने आंदोलन का नेतृत्व करने के लिए गांधी के भक्त विनोबा भावे को चुना। देश भर में युद्ध-विरोधी भाषणों की गूंज सुनाई दी, सत्याग्रहियों ने देश के लोगों से तत्काल युद्ध के प्रयासों में सरकार का समर्थन नहीं करने का अनुरोध किया।

इन परिस्थितियों के कारण कई स्थानीय हिंसाएँ भी हुईं:

नेतृत्व की कमी के कारण राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर विद्रोह को तेज करने की क्षमता प्रतिबंधित थी।
कुछ क्षेत्रों में, आंदोलन का स्थानीय प्रभाव पड़ा। खासकर महाराष्ट्र के सतारा, ओडिशा के तालचेर और मिदनापुर के मिदनापुर में।
मिदनापुर के तामलुक और कोंटाई उपखंडों में स्थानीय लोग समानांतर सरकारें स्थापित करने में सफल रहे, जो तब तक काम करती रही जब तक गांधी ने व्यक्तिगत रूप से आदेश नहीं दिया कि 1944 में नेताओं को भंग कर दिया जाए।
उत्तर प्रदेश के सबसे पूर्वी जिले बलिया में एक संक्षिप्त विद्रोह हुआ। जिला प्रशासन को उखाड़ फेंका गया, जेल को तोड़ दिया गया, गिरफ्तार कांग्रेस नेताओं को मुक्त कर दिया गया, और लोगों ने अपना स्वायत्त नियंत्रण बनाया। अंग्रेज कई हफ्तों तक इस क्षेत्र में अपना अधिकार बहाल करने में असमर्थ रहे।
इस क्षेत्र की ‘बहारवतीय’ परंपरा (अर्थात् कानून तोड़ना) की भूमिका आंदोलन के तोड़फोड़ कार्यों में सहायता करने में सौराष्ट्र (पश्चिमी गुजरात) में विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण थी।
अतिरिक्त युद्ध करों और जबरन चावल के निर्यात से किसानों के असंतोष ने ग्रामीण पश्चिम बंगाल में भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन को हवा दी। 1942 में विद्रोह के बिंदु का खुला प्रतिरोध था, लेकिन 1943 के महान अकाल के आने पर आंदोलन को रोक दिया गया था।

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Quit India Movement: FAQs

Ques: Who started the Quit India Movement?

Ans: The Quit India Movement was established by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi began the ‘Quit India’ movement on August 8, 1942, at a meeting of the All-India Congress Committee in Bombay. The British government imprisoned Gandhi, Nehru, and many other Indian National Congress leaders the next day.

Ques: Why was Quit India Movement started?

Ans: The fall of Cripps Mission was the initial catalyst for the movement. The Indian National Congress was not pleased with the British assumption of unconditional assistance from India during World War II. Anti-British sentiments and the demand for complete independence had gained traction among the Indian masses.

Ques: What is Quit India Movement short note?

Ans: During World War II, Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, during the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee on August 8, 1942, demanding an end to British rule in India.

Ques: Why did Gandhiji start Quit India Movement?

Ans: The Quit India Movement was launched on August 9, 1942, by Mahatma Gandhi. The goal of the movement was to overthrow British rule in India. The campaign began with Mahatma Gandhi’s speech in Bombay, in which he challenged Indians to “Do or Die.” The Congress organised a protest, requesting that the British leave India.

Ques: Who gave the slogan Quit India?

Ans: The term “Quit India” was coined by Yusuf Meherally. The “Quit India” slogan, on the other hand, is credited to Yusuf Meherally, a Congress leader who is reported to have coined the phrase at a meeting of Gandhi’s close friends in Mumbai some time before the movement began.

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FAQs

Ques: Who started the Quit India Movement?

Ans: The Quit India Movement was established by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi began the 'Quit India' movement on August 8, 1942, at a meeting of the All-India Congress Committee in Bombay. The British government imprisoned Gandhi, Nehru, and many other Indian National Congress leaders the next day.

Ques: Why was Quit India Movement started?

Ans: The fall of Cripps Mission was the initial catalyst for the movement. The Indian National Congress was not pleased with the British assumption of unconditional assistance from India during World War II. Anti-British sentiments and the demand for complete independence had gained traction among the Indian masses.

Ques: What is Quit India Movement short note?

Ans: During World War II, Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, during the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee on August 8, 1942, demanding an end to British rule in India.

Ques: Why did Gandhiji start Quit India Movement?

Ans: The Quit India Movement was launched on August 9, 1942, by Mahatma Gandhi. The goal of the movement was to overthrow British rule in India. The campaign began with Mahatma Gandhi's speech in Bombay, in which he challenged Indians to "Do or Die." The Congress organised a protest, requesting that the British leave India.

Ques: Who gave the slogan Quit India?

Ans: The term "Quit India" was coined by Yusuf Meherally. The "Quit India" slogan, on the other hand, is credited to Yusuf Meherally, a Congress leader who is reported to have coined the phrase at a meeting of Gandhi's close friends in Mumbai some time before the movement began.