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Kolbe Electrolysis Reaction- Definition, Mechanism Class 12

Kolbe Reaction for Class 11 and 12

The Kolbe–Schmitt reaction, also known as the Kolbe procedure, is a carboxylation reaction that involves heating sodium phenoxide (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide under pressure (100 atm, 125 °C) and then treating the result with sulfuric acid. An aromatic hydroxy acid, commonly known as salicylic acid, is the end product (the precursor to aspirin).

Kolbe Electrolysis Reaction- Definition, Mechanism Class 12_40.1

4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a key precursor for the diverse paraben class of biocides used in personal care products, can be produced by employing potassium hydroxide.

The process is also employed in the industrial synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; the carboxylation regiochemistry is temperature sensitive in this case.

 

Kolbe Reaction: Definition

Kolbe reaction, often called Kolbe Schmitt reaction, is an addition reaction named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. The phenoxide ion is formed when phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide. When it comes to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, the phenoxide ion produced is more reactive than phenol. As a result, it conducts an electrophilic substitution reaction with the weak electrophile carbon dioxide. The principal result is ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid). Kolbe’s reaction is the common name for this reaction.

 

Kolbe Reaction: Mechanism

The salicylate is produced by the nucleophilic addition of a phenoxide, often sodium phenoxide (NaOC6H5), to carbon dioxide in the Kolbe–Schmitt reaction. The reaction (protonation) of the salicylate anion with an acid to create the required salicylic acids is the final step (ortho- and para- isomers).

Kolbe Electrolysis Reaction- Definition, Mechanism Class 12_50.1

Kolbe Reaction: Applications

The applications of Kolbe Reaction are as follows:

  • 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be obtained when potassium hydroxide is employed in the Kolbe reaction. This is a crucial step in the production of parabens (parahydroxybenzoate or ester of para-hydroxy benzoic acid, used as a biocide in cosmetic products).
  • The Kolbe reaction can also be used to make 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, which is a common precursor of azo dyes and pigments in the industry.
  • By coupling salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, aspirin can be produced. Aspirin is a popular pain reliever.

Kolbe Reaction in Hindi

कोल्बे-श्मिट प्रतिक्रिया, जिसे कोल्बे प्रक्रिया के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, एक कार्बोक्सिलेशन प्रतिक्रिया है जिसमें दबाव में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के साथ सोडियम फिनॉक्साइड (फिनोल का सोडियम नमक) को गर्म करना (100 एटीएम, 125 डिग्री सेल्सियस) और फिर सल्फ्यूरिक एसिड के साथ परिणाम का इलाज करना शामिल है। . एक सुगंधित हाइड्रॉक्सी एसिड, जिसे आमतौर पर सैलिसिलिक एसिड के रूप में जाना जाता है, अंतिम उत्पाद (एस्पिरिन का अग्रदूत) है।

4-हाइड्रॉक्सीबेन्जोइक एसिड, व्यक्तिगत देखभाल उत्पादों में उपयोग किए जाने वाले बायोसाइड्स के विविध पैराबेन वर्ग के लिए एक प्रमुख अग्रदूत, पोटेशियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड को नियोजित करके उत्पादित किया जा सकता है।

प्रक्रिया 3-हाइड्रॉक्सी-2-नैफ्थोइक एसिड के औद्योगिक संश्लेषण में भी कार्यरत है; इस मामले में कार्बोक्सिलेशन रेजियोकेमिस्ट्री तापमान संवेदनशील है।

कोल्बे प्रतिक्रिया: परिभाषा

कोल्बे प्रतिक्रिया, जिसे अक्सर कोल्बे श्मिट प्रतिक्रिया कहा जाता है, हरमन कोल्बे और रुडोल्फ श्मिट के नाम पर एक अतिरिक्त प्रतिक्रिया है। जब फिनोल की सोडियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड के साथ क्रिया की जाती है तो फीनॉक्साइड आयन बनता है। जब इलेक्ट्रोफिलिक सुगंधित प्रतिस्थापन प्रतिक्रियाओं की बात आती है, तो उत्पादित फिनॉक्साइड आयन फिनोल की तुलना में अधिक प्रतिक्रियाशील होता है। नतीजतन, यह कमजोर इलेक्ट्रोफाइल कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के साथ एक इलेक्ट्रोफिलिक प्रतिस्थापन प्रतिक्रिया करता है। मुख्य परिणाम ऑर्थो-हाइड्रॉक्सीबेन्जोइक एसिड (सैलिसिलिक एसिड) है। इस प्रतिक्रिया का सामान्य नाम कोल्बे की प्रतिक्रिया है।

कोल्बे प्रतिक्रिया: तंत्र

सैलिसिलेट कोल्बे-श्मिट प्रतिक्रिया में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के लिए एक फिनॉक्साइड, अक्सर सोडियम फेनोक्साइड (NaOC6H5) के न्यूक्लियोफिलिक जोड़ द्वारा निर्मित होता है। आवश्यक सैलिसिलिक एसिड बनाने के लिए एक एसिड के साथ सैलिसिलेट आयन की प्रतिक्रिया (प्रोटॉनेशन) अंतिम चरण (ऑर्थो- और पैरा-आइसोमर) है।

कोल्बे प्रतिक्रिया: अनुप्रयोग

कोल्बे रिएक्शन के अनुप्रयोग इस प्रकार हैं:

4-हाइड्रॉक्सीबेन्जोइक अम्ल तब प्राप्त किया जा सकता है जब कोल्बे अभिक्रिया में पोटैशियम हाइड्रॉक्साइड का प्रयोग किया जाता है। यह पैराबेंस (पैराहाइड्रॉक्सीबेन्जोएट या पैरा-हाइड्रॉक्सी बेंजोइक एसिड का एस्टर, कॉस्मेटिक उत्पादों में बायोसाइड के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है) के उत्पादन में एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम है।
कोल्बे प्रतिक्रिया का उपयोग 3-हाइड्रॉक्सी-2-नैफ्थोइक एसिड बनाने के लिए भी किया जा सकता है, जो उद्योग में एज़ो डाई और पिगमेंट का एक सामान्य अग्रदूत है।
सैलिसिलिक एसिड को एसिटिक एनहाइड्राइड के साथ जोड़कर एस्पिरिन का उत्पादन किया जा सकता है। एस्पिरिन एक लोकप्रिय दर्द निवारक है।

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Kolbe Reaction: FAQs

What is Kolbe’s reaction explain its mechanism?
Kolbe reaction, often called Kolbe Schmitt reaction, is an addition reaction named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. The phenoxide ion is formed when phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide. When it comes to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, the phenoxide ion produced is more reactive than phenol.
What is the product of Kolbe reaction?
Kolbe’s procedure is a carboxylation reaction in which sodium salts of phenoxide are heated with carbon dioxide under pressure before being treated with an acid. An aromatic hydroxy acid is the reaction’s end product.
What is Kolbe synthesis? Explain.
When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is formed, which undergoes electrophilic substitution and yields hydroxybenzene acid as the primary result when treated with carbon dioxide and acidified.
What is the importance of Kolbe reaction?
For the manufacture of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, Kolbe’s process is utilised. A common precursor of azo dyes and pigments is this acid. Aspirin is made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, which is derived by Kolbe’s reaction.
What is the role of co2 in Kolbe synthesis?
Carbon dioxide can react with the phenolate ion to generate carboxylic acids. One of the steps in the manufacture of acetylsalicylic acid is this reaction (aspirin). The Kolbe reaction is a reaction that takes place under a pressure of 100 atm of carbon dioxide.
How will you convert phenol to benzophenone?
By combining powerful reducing agents like Zn dust with high heat, phenol can be transformed to benzene. ii)Synthesis. The copper-catalyzed oxidation of diphenylmethane with air produces benzophenone.
How do you convert ethene to ethane?
Catalytic hydrogenation occurs when alkenes react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, platinum, or palladium to form alkanes. In this case, ethene is the alkene that undergoes catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of nickel to form ethane (alkane).

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FAQs

What is Kolbe's reaction explain its mechanism?

Kolbe reaction, often called Kolbe Schmitt reaction, is an addition reaction named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. The phenoxide ion is formed when phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide. When it comes to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, the phenoxide ion produced is more reactive than phenol.

What is the product of Kolbe reaction?

Kolbe's procedure is a carboxylation reaction in which sodium salts of phenoxide are heated with carbon dioxide under pressure before being treated with an acid. An aromatic hydroxy acid is the reaction's end product.

What is Kolbe synthesis? Explain.

When phenol is treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium phenoxide is formed, which undergoes electrophilic substitution and yields hydroxybenzene acid as the primary result when treated with carbon dioxide and acidified.

What is the importance of Kolbe reaction?

For the manufacture of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, Kolbe's process is utilised. A common precursor of azo dyes and pigments is this acid. Aspirin is made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, which is derived by Kolbe's reaction.

What is the role of co2 in Kolbe synthesis?

Carbon dioxide can react with the phenolate ion to generate carboxylic acids. One of the steps in the manufacture of acetylsalicylic acid is this reaction (aspirin). The Kolbe reaction is a reaction that takes place under a pressure of 100 atm of carbon dioxide.

How will you convert phenol to benzophenone?

By combining powerful reducing agents like Zn dust with high heat, phenol can be transformed to benzene. ii)Synthesis. The copper-catalyzed oxidation of diphenylmethane with air produces benzophenone.

How do you convert ethene to ethane?

Catalytic hydrogenation occurs when alkenes react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, platinum, or palladium to form alkanes. In this case, ethene is the alkene that undergoes catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of nickel to form ethane (alkane).

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