English Grammar for Competitive Exams: English Grammar is the most important subject for most Competitive Exams. As we know Direct speech is used to repeat what someone else has said, and indirect speech is used to report on what someone else has said. In the exam, questions are asked on converting Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and vice versa.
There are many types of Sentences in English grammar. There are many types of sentences in English grammar. In the competitive examination questions are asked on the recognition of the type of sentences. Similarly, 1-2 questions are also asked on Synonyms and Antonyms. Get complete information about Direct-Indirect Speech, Articles, Types of Sentences, Synonyms, and Antonyms here.
ZP Revision Roadmap: Ace Your Exams with Confidence
Click here to view detailed information about ZP Exam Date 2023
In this English Grammar for Competitive Exams Part 3, you will get detailed knowledge of Direct-Indirect Speech, Articles, Types of Sentences, Synonyms, and Antonyms in English Grammar.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams | |
Category | Study Material |
Useful for | All Competitive Exams |
Subject | English Language |
Name | English Grammar for Competitive Exams |
Part | 3 |
Content Covered |
|
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 3: महाराष्ट्रातील तसेच राज्यातील बहुतेक स्पर्धा परीक्षेचा महत्वाचा विषय म्हणजे इंग्लिश. इंग्लिश विषयात जास्तकरून इंग्लिश ग्रामर वर प्रश्न विचारले जातात. नेहमीच्या सरावाने इंग्लिश विषयात चांगले गुण मिळू शकतात. आगामी काळातील सरळसेवा भरती जसे की, जिल्हा परिषद भरती 2023, आरोग्य विभाग भरती 2023, राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क भरती 2023 आणि इतर स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये इंग्लिश ग्रामरला विशेष महत्त्व आहे. इंग्लिश ग्रामर चे रोज वाचन फायदेशीर ठरते. आपण English Grammar for Competitive Exams ही लेखमालिका (Article Series) आगामी पेपरच्या दृष्टीने तयार केली. ज्यामुळे तुम्हाला पेपरमध्ये नक्की फायदा होईल. आज आपण या लेखात Direct-Indirect Speech, Article, Types of Sentence व इंग्लिश मधील समानार्थी व विरुद्दर्थी शब्द (Synonyms and Antonyms) पाहणार आहोत.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 3: इंग्लिश ही संपूर्ण जगात बोलल्या जाणारी भाषा आहे. जी विविध देशातील व देशान्तर्गत लोकांना संपर्क साधण्यास आणि संभाषण सुरू ठेवण्यास मदत करते. लिखित इंग्रजीच्या मुख्य पैलूंपैकी एक म्हणजे English Grammar. इंग्लिश भाषेचे विविध पैलू समजून घ्यायचे असल्यास आपल्याला English Grammar मदत करते.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: भाग 1 मध्ये आपण Part of Speech च्या आठ जाती (Parts) व त्याचे उपप्रकार व भाग 2 मध्ये काळ व त्यांचे प्रकार (Tenses and Types of Tenses), आणि प्रयोग (Voice) व Active Voice चे Passive Voice रुपांतर कसे करावे हे पहिले. आजच्या लेखात Direct-Indirect Speech, Articles, Types of Sentence व इंग्लिश मधील समानार्थी व विरुद्दर्थी शब्द (Synonyms and Antonyms) पाहणार आहोत.
जसे इंग्लिश ग्रामर आपण आज पाहत आहे. तसेच आगामी येणाऱ्या सर्व स्पर्धा परीक्षांसाठी Adda 247 मराठी ने मराठी व्याकरणावर भाग 1, भाग 2, भाग 3 असे तीन भागात लेख लिहिले आहे. ते जरूर वाचावे जेणे करून परीक्षेत तुम्हाला मदत होईल.
Grammar: The rules of a language, for example for forming words or joining words together in sentences.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Direct – Indirect Speech: आपण एखाद्या व्यक्तीचे बोलणे ऐकतो तेव्हा ते प्रत्यक्ष कथन (Direct speech) असते, हेच बोलणे ज्यावेळी ऐकणारी व्यक्ती काही काळाने दुसऱ्याला सांगते त्यावेळी त्या मूळ बोलण्यात जे योग्य ते बद्दल केले जातात त्याला अप्रत्यक्ष कथन (Indirect Speech) असे म्हणतात.
When we express someone’s words in our own words, it is called “Indirect Speech” and when we express someone’s words as it is, it is called “Direct Speech“.
Example: They said, “We will be partying tonight.” (Direct Speech)
They said that they would be partying that night. (Indirect Speech)
Direct Speech चे Indirect Speech मध्ये रुपांतर करतांनाचे नियम खालीलप्रमाणे आहेत.
Rules of change of Pronouns
Nominative | Possessive | Objective | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
I | My | Me | Myself |
We | Our | Us | Ourselves |
You | Yours | You | Yourself |
He | His | Him | Himself |
She | Her | Her | Herself |
They | Their | Them | Themselves |
Pronouns (सर्वनामे) are changed as per the SON rule where SON refers to:
Rule No 1.
1st Person of the pronoun of Reported speech is changed according to the Subject of Reporting verb of the sentence.
Direct: He says, “I am in ninth class.”
Indirect: He says that she is in ninth class.
Rule No 2.
2nd Person of the pronoun of Reported speech is changed according to Object of Reporting verb in the sentence.
Direct: He says to me, “you have done your work”
Indirect: He tells me that I have done my work.
Rule No 3.
3rd Person of Pronoun of Reported speech is not changed.
Direct: She says, “He does not work hard”
Indirect: She says that he does not work hard.
Rules of change of verb or Tense
Rule No.1
When the reporting verb is given in Present or Future tense then there will be no change in the verb or tense of the Reported speech in the sentence.
Direct: The teacher says, “Ram performs on the stage”
Indirect: The teacher says that Ram performs on the stage.
Direct: The teacher is saying, “Ram performs on the stage”
Indirect: The teacher is saying that Ram performs on the stage.
Rule No.2
When the reporting verb is given in Past tense then the tense of the verb of Reported Speech will change into corresponding Past tense.
Direct: The teacher said, “I am suffering from cancer.”
Indirect: The teacher said that she was suffering from cancer.
Changes from Past form in an indirect speech from the verb in Reported speech.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams Part 1
Exceptional cases of Rule 2
Exception 1:
When the Reporting speech has Universal Truth or Habitual fact then there is no change in the Tense.
Direct: Our teacher said, “The Mars is round”
Indirect: Our teacher said that the mars is round.( Universal Truth)
Exception 2:
When the reporting speech has Past Historical Fact then there is no change in the Tense.
Exception 3:
When the Reporting speech has two actions to be happening at a time when there is no change in the Tense.
Direct: He said “My sister was making lunch when I was studying”
Indirect: He said that his sister was making lunch when she was studying.
Exception 4:
When Reporting speech has some Imagined Condition then there is no change in the Tense.
Direct: He said, “If I were rich, I would help him.”
Indirect: He said that if he were rich he would help him.
Some other changes that take place when we change Direct Speech to Indirect Speech.
Here | Changes to | There |
Now | Changes to | Then |
This | Changes to | That |
These | Changes to | Those |
Today | Changes to | That day |
To-night | Changes to | That night |
Yesterday | Changes to | The previous day |
Last night | Changes to | The previous night |
Last week | Changes to | The previous week |
Tomorrow | Changes to | The next day |
Next Week | Changes to | The following week |
Ago | Changes to | Before |
Thus | Changes to | so |
Hence | Changes to | Thence |
Hither | Changes to | Thither |
Come | Changes to | Go |
Rules for Change in Narration of different types of sentences
Assertive Sentences
Rule 1
Rule 2
Examples –
Direct: He said to me, “I shall sleep now”
Indirect: He told me that he would play then.
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Articles (उपपदे): इंग्लिश भाषेत एकूण तीन उपपदे आहेत, ती पुढीलप्रमाणे ‘A’, ‘An’ आणि ‘The’ या एकूण तीन उपपदांचे दोन प्रकार पडतात.
A’ या उपपदाचा उपयोग पुढील प्रमाणे केला जातो.
An’ या उपपदाचा उपयोग :
निश्चिततावाचक उपपद ‘The’:
[i] Assertive Sentence or Statement
English Grammar for Competitive Exams Part 2
(Note: The use of the conjunction between the reporting speech and the reported speech is not a must in the indirect speech.)
(Note: If the Reporting Verb has an object, it is not good English to write, “Said to him”, It is better to write told us/him etc.)
[ii] Interrogative Sentence:
Structure of indirect speech
(a) Reporting verb is changed into ask or enquire of.
(b) If or whether is used as a linking word.
(c) The auxiliary verb in the reported speech is used after the subject.
(d) If the sentence begins with whom, who, which, what, how, when, where, why etc., these are not changed and if or whether is not used.
(Note: The indirect speech becomes a statement and no question mark is used.
[iii] Imperative Sentence
Structure of indirect speech
The captain said, “Soldiers, march on”. The captain commanded the soldiers to march on.
[iv] Optative Sentence
The structure of indirect speech of Optative sentences:
[v] Exclamatory Sentence:
Exception –
English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Synonyms and Antonyms: महाराष्ट्रातील बहुतेक स्पर्धा परीक्षेमध्ये इंग्लिश ग्रामर (English Grammar) यात Synonyms and Antonyms (समानार्थी व विरुद्धार्थी शब्द) शब्दांवर नेहमी प्रश्न विचारल्या जातात.
Click here to download the Synonyms and Antonyms PDF
सरळ सेवा जसे कि तलाठी भरती 2023, कृषी विभाग भरती 2023, जिल्हा परिषद भरती 2023, राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क भरती 2023, वन विभाग भरती 2023 व इतर सर्व परीक्षेचा पेपर देणाऱ्या विद्यार्थ्यासाठी Adda247 मराठी आपणासाठी सर्व महत्वाच्या टॉपिक वर महत्वपूर्ण लेखमालिका प्रसिद्ध करणार आहे. त्याच्या सर्व लिंक तुम्ही खालील तक्त्यात पाहू शकता आणि दररोज यात भर पडणार आहे. त्यामुळे तुम्हाला या Adda 247 मराठीच्या लेखमालिकेचा नक्कीच फायदा होईल.
लेखाचे नाव | लिंक |
राष्ट्रीय आरोग्य अभियान | |
महाराष्ट्रातील लोकजीवन | |
भारतीय संविधानाची उद्देशिका | |
मराठा साम्राज्य – इतिहास, शासक, राज्य विस्तार आणि प्रशासन | |
2D आणि 3D आकारांसाठी मेन्सुरेशन फॉर्म्युला | |
जालियनवाला बाग हत्याकांड – पार्श्वभूमी, कारणे आणि परिणाम | |
भारताच्या उपराष्ट्रपतींची यादी व त्यांचा कार्यकाळ (1952-2023) | |
चांद्रयान-3 शी संबंधित महत्त्वाचे प्रश्न आणि उत्तरे | |
चंद्रयान 3 | |
भारताची जणगणना 2011 | |
लोकपाल आणि लोकायुक्त | |
महाराष्ट्र समृद्धी महामार्ग | |
कार्य आणि उर्जा | |
गांधी युग | |
राज्य धोरणांची मार्गदर्शक तत्वे | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
मूलभूत कर्तव्ये: कलम 51A | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
चक्रवाढ व्याज (Compound Interest) | |
भारताचे नागरिकत्व | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
भारतीय नागरिकांचे मूलभूत अधिकार | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
भारतीय संविधानाची उद्देशिका | |
भारतातील राज्ये आणि त्यांची राजधानी | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
महाराष्ट्राचे हवामान | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
सिंधू संस्कृती | |
जगातील 07 खंड | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
टक्केवारी सूत्र, टक्केवारी म्हणजे काय, कसे काढायचे आणि काही महत्त्वाचे प्रश्न | |
भारतातील कृषी अर्थव्यवस्था | |
भारताच्या पंचवार्षिक योजना (1951 ते 2017) | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
गती व गतीचे प्रकार | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
आम्ल व आम्लारी | पाहण्यासाठी येथे क्लिक करा |
भारतातील सर्वात लांब पूल 2023 | |
रोग व रोगांचे प्रकार | |
महाराष्ट्रातील मंत्रिमंडळ | |
महाराष्ट्रातील लोकजीवन | |
सजीवांचे वर्गीकरण भाग 1: सूक्ष्मजीव आणि वनस्पती | |
वनस्पतीची रचना आणि कार्ये | |
भारतीय नागरिकांचे मूलभूत अधिकार | |
लोकपाल आणि लोकायुक्त | |
संगणकाशी संबंधीत शब्दांचे शॉर्ट आणि लॉंग फॉर्म्स | |
महाराष्ट्राचे प्रशासकीय विभाग | |
भारतातील राष्ट्रीय जलमार्ग | |
पृथ्वीवरील महासागर |
Latest Maharashtra Govt. Jobs | Majhi Naukri 2023 |
Home Page | Adda 247 Marathi |
Current Affairs in Marathi | Chalu Ghadamodi |
YouTube channel- Adda247 Marathi
Adda247 मराठी App | Add247Marathi Telegram group
The rules of a language, for example for forming words or joining words together in sentences.
When we express someone’s words as it is, it is called Direct Speech.
When we express someone’s words in our own words, it is called Indirect Speech
There are 3 articles in the English language. They are a, an, the
On the official website of Adda 247 Marathi, you will find notifications of all competitive examinations, syllabus, previous year's question papers, and study materials.
Addapedia Maharashtra Daily Current Affairs PDF, 27 April 2024 Addapedia (Maharashtra) Daily Current Affairs PDF: The word competition is in…
For candidates preparing for the MPSC, Police Constable, ZP, MIDC exams, mastering the Current Affairs of Maharashtra is essential. This…
महाराष्ट्र पोलीस कॉन्स्टेबल, एमपीएससी, एसएससी आणि रेल्वे परीक्षा या महत्त्वाच्या परीक्षा आहेत ज्यांना विविध तर्कसंगत विषयांची सर्वसमावेशक माहिती आवश्यक आहे.…
कामावरील सुरक्षितता आणि आरोग्यासाठी जागतिक दिवस ही सर्व कामगारांसाठी सुरक्षित आणि निरोगी कामाच्या परिस्थितीला प्रोत्साहन देण्यासाठी 28 एप्रिल रोजी पाळली…
Question of the Day (Polity) Q. Which among the following functions is not done by the Indian President? (a) Appointment…
The Maharashtra Police Constable, MPSC, SSC and Railway Exam are crucial examinations that require a comprehensive understanding of various Arithmetic…