What is Resource Planning in India for Class 10

What is Resource Planning

Everything in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs and is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable is termed as ‘Resource’. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. They transform material available in the environment into resources and use them.

What is Resource Planning Class 10 Classification

Resources can be classified in the following ways:

(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic

(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable

(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international

(d) On the basis of the status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves

(a) On the Basis of Origin – Biotic and Abiotic

Biotic Resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life.

Eg: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.

Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.

Eg: rocks and metals.

(b) On the Basis of Exhaustibility – Renewable and Non-Renewable

The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as Renewable or Replenishable Resources. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.

Eg: Solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.

Non-renewable resources occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.

Eg: Minerals and fossil fuels.

(c) On the Basis of Ownership – Individual, Community, National and International

Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals. In villages people own lands whereas in urban areas people own plots, houses and other properties.

Eg: Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells etc.

Community Owned Resources are accessible to all the members of the community.

Eg: Grazing grounds, burial grounds, public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds etc.

National Resources are owned by a nation or country. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.

Eg: Roads, canals, railways etc.

International Resources are regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

(d) On the Basis of the Status of Development – Potential, Developed Stock and Reserves

Potential Resources are the resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised.

Eg: Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.

Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility.

Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these, are called Stock.

Eg: Hydrogen can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have advanced technology to use it.

Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements.

Eg: Water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future.

What is Resource

In India, there are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources. This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels.

What is Resource Planning in India

Resource planning is a complex process that involves:

(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.

(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.

(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. India has made concerted efforts towards achieving the goals of resource planning, right from the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence.

To overcome irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources, resource conservation at various levels is important.

What is Land Resources Planning

Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, transport and communication systems.

Land Reasorces Utilisation

Land resources are used for the following purposes:

• Forests
• Land not available for cultivation
• a) Barren and wasteland
  b) Land put to non-agricultural uses
• Fallow lands
• Other uncultivated lands (excluding fallow land)
• Net sown area

Land Resources Use Pattern in India

The use of land is determined

• Physical factors: such as topography, climate, soil types

• Human factors: such as population density, technological capability and culture and traditions etc.

 

Waste land is the land put to other non-agricultural uses which include rocky, arid and desert areas, roads, railways, industry etc. Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it, has resulted in land degradation.

Land Degradation and Conservation Measures

Human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying have contributed significantly to land degradation. Mining sites leave deep scars and traces of over-burdening the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Some of the ways through which we can solve the problems of land degradation are:

• Afforestation and proper management of grazing.

• Planting of shelter belts of plants.

• Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.

• Proper management of waste lands.

• Control of mining activities.

• Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.

Soil Resources Planning

Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.

• It takes millions of years to form soil upto a few cms in depth. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc contribute to the formation of soil.

• Parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.

• Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil play an important role.

• Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

What is Resource Planning for Class 10 Important Questions and Answers

Q1. What do you understand as a ‘Resource’? Give examples.

Answer

• Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs is called a Resource.

• It should be – technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’.

• Examples are- Minerals, Forests, Fossil Fuels, etc.

Q2. Write the classification of resources on four different bases.

Answer

Resources can be classified in the following four ways:

(a) On the basis of Origin:

• Biotic

• Abiotic

(b) On the basis of exhaustibility:

• Renewable
• Non-renewable

(c) On the basis of ownership:

• Individual (Personal)

• Community

• National

• International

(d) On the basis of status and development:

• Potential

1. Developed
2. Reserve
3. Stock

Q3. Give any two examples of non-renewable resources.

Answer

Non-renewable resources are resources which once get exhausted, cannot be replenished. They take a long geological period of time, i.e., millions of years, in their formation. Their quantity is limited, and they require cautious usage. Example- Minerals, Fossil fuels, etc.

Q4. Explain four types of resources based on ownership and give one example of each type.

Answer

Basis of ownership- There are four types of resources:

• Individual Resources- These resources are owned privately by individuals, e.g., farmers own pieces of land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands, water in wells are some resources owned by individuals.

• Community Owned Resources. These resources are accessible to all the members of the community, e.g., village ponds, public parks, playgrounds. These are available for common use.

• National Resources. All the resources within the political boundary of a nation including the territorial water (oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) extending into the ocean and resources therein belong to the nation, e.g., all minerals, forests, wildlife, water resources, land etc.
• International Resources. There are international institutions which own and regulate some resources, e.g., The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no individual country can use or claim rights over these without the concurrence of international institutions. Ex- Minerals in the South China Sea.

Q5. What is the difference between Stock and Reserve?

Answer

• Stock- This includes materials in the environment, that have the potential to satisfy human needs, but man does not possess the appropriate technology to access them. We do not have the required technical know-how to use them and that is why they remain unutilized. Ex- Water is a compound of two inflammable gases- hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich energy source but this has not been capitalized upon.
• Reserve- Reserves are the subset of the stock, that can be put into use with the help of existing technical know-how, but their full utilization has not been achieved so as to meet future needs. Examples- are forest reserves, iron-ore reserves, water in the dams, etc.

Q6. “Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence.” Discuss.

OR

What do you understand by ‘sustainable economic development’?

Answer

1. Sustainable economic development means that development should take place without damaging the environment. Also, development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generation. Hence, there should be development without compromising on future needs. To achieve this, resource planning is necessary to ensure judicious, rational and equitable distribution as well as proper utilization of resources. It is now a prerequisite for sustained quality of life and maintenance of global peace as the environment is a public facility.

Q7. Write about two types of Alluvial Soil.

Answer

According to their age, alluvial soils are of two types: Bangar and Khadar.

• Bangar is Old Alluvial Soil while Khadar is New.

• Bangar has a higher kankar nodule concentration than Khadar which has more fine particles.

• Bangar is coarser and found on old river terraces while Khadar is more fertile and is found widely on floodplains.

Q8. Explain three stages of ‘resource planning.’

Answer

Three stages of resource planning include:

• Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative as well as quantitative estimation/measurement of the resources.

• Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plan.
• Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Q9. Write four institutional efforts made at global level for ‘resource conservation’.

Answer

• At the international level, the Club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a systematic way in 1968.

• In 1974, the Gandhian Philosophy was presented by Schumacher in his book “Small is Beautiful”.

• Brundtland Commission Report in 1987, introduced the concept of ‘sustainable development’ and advocated it as a means for resource conservation. This was subsequently published in a book entitled “Our Common Future”.
• In June 1992, the first ‘International Earth Summit’ was held in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, in which 100 heads of State met to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.

Q10. Distinguish between each of the following:

(a) Current fallow and other than current fallow land

(b) Waste-land and culturable waste-land

(c) Net sown area and gross cropped area.

Answer

1. Current fallow land is Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.

Other than current fallow land is Land left uncultivated for the past one to five agricultural years.

1. Wasteland- It includes rocky, arid, and desert areas which are not in use at present Culturable wasteland is arable land that is left uncultivated for more than five agricultural years.
2. Net Sown Area- It is the total area under cultivation.

Gross Cropped Area- It is the area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area.

Resources Planning in India Details

Resource planning in India refers to the strategic management and allocation of the country’s various resources to meet the needs of its growing population and economy. India is a diverse country with a vast array of natural, human, and financial resources, and effective resource planning is essential to ensure sustainable development and economic growth. Here are some key aspects of resource planning in India:

1. Natural Resources: a. Land: Proper land use planning is essential to balance agricultural, industrial, residential, and ecological needs. b. Water: Management of water resources includes irrigation, drinking water supply, and industrial use, while ensuring sustainability and combating water scarcity. c. Minerals and Mining: Responsible extraction and utilization of minerals, while also considering environmental impact and conservation. d. Forests: Sustainable forestry practices to preserve biodiversity, promote afforestation, and address climate change concerns.
2. Energy Resources: a. Electricity: Planning for energy generation, distribution, and transmission to meet the increasing demand. b. Renewable Energy: Promotion of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
3. Human Resources: a. Education: Investment in education and skill development to create a skilled workforce. b. Healthcare: Ensuring access to quality healthcare services for the population. c. Labor Force: Planning for employment generation and addressing unemployment issues.
4. Financial Resources: a. Budgeting: Developing national and state budgets to allocate resources effectively. b. Taxation: Implementing a taxation system to generate revenue for development projects.
5. Infrastructure Development: a. Transportation: Planning and building road, rail, air, and sea transport infrastructure. b. Urban Planning: Creating sustainable and efficient urban environments. c. Rural Development: Focusing on rural infrastructure and amenities.
6. Environmental Conservation: a. Pollution Control: Implementing regulations and measures to control air, water, and soil pollution. b. Climate Change Mitigation: Strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change.
7. Industrial and Economic Planning: a. Industrial Policy: Encouraging sustainable industrial growth. b. Export Promotion: Strategies to boost exports and improve the balance of trade.
8. Technology and Innovation: a. Research and Development: Investing in technology and innovation to drive economic growth. b. Digital Infrastructure: Expanding digital connectivity and promoting digitalization.

Resource planning in India involves coordination between various government departments, policymakers, and stakeholders. It also considers environmental sustainability and social welfare to ensure that resource utilization benefits the entire population and future generations. Additionally, it is influenced by India’s democratic political system and its commitment to inclusive growth and development.

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