2. What is isomerism and what are its types?

Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures. Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule are called isomers. Therefore, the compounds that exhibit isomerism are known as isomers. The word “isomer” is derived from the Greek words “isos” and “meros”, which mean “equal parts”. This term was coined by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius in the year 1830. Types There are two primary types of isomerism, which can be further categorized into different subtypes. These primary types are Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism. The classification of different types of isomers is illustrated below. Structural Isomerism Structural isomerism is commonly referred to as constitutional isomerism. The functional groups and the atoms in the molecules of these isomers are linked in different ways. Different structural isomers are assigned different IUPAC names since they may or may not contain the same functional group. Stereoisomerism This type of isomerism arises in compounds having the same chemical formula but different orientations of the atoms belonging to the molecule in three-dimensional space. The compounds that exhibit stereoisomerism are often referred to as stereoisomers. This phenomenon can be further categorized into two subtypes. Both these subtypes are briefly described in this subsection. Stereoisomerism is further divided into two types: Geometrical isomerism Optical isomerism

3. What happens in an organic reaction?

The fundamental concepts of organic reaction is based on the fission of covalent bonds. A covalent bond undergoes fission in two ways: • Homolytic Fission – this is also referred to as homolytic fission where each of the atoms acquires one of the bonding electrons. • Heterolytic Fission – When the bond is broken in such fission, one of the atoms acquire both of the bonding electrons. The process of fission gives rise to reaction intermediaries that are short-lived fragments. Some of the important reaction intermediaries are carbanions, carbenes, carbonium ions, and carbon-free radicals.

Ncert Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12

Q: 1. Key benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 are provided here:

1. Students can easily access the solutions for each exercise from the chapters available. 2. The solutions also provided graphs and illustrations that help to understand the concepts clearly. 3. These solutions are prepared by Adda247 expert team focusing on accuracy.

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Ncert Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12_30.1 — Ncert Solutions For Class 11 Chapter 12

Ncert Solutions For Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Pdf Download

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