Correct option is A
The statement commits the
fallacy of composition, which occurs when someone assumes that what is true for a part is also true for the whole, or what is true in a certain measure will remain proportionally true when increased or applied more broadly.
In this case, the assumption is that if one aspirin reduces the risk of a heart attack, then taking two will double the protection. This is incorrect because the effect of aspirin does not work linearly—higher doses may lead to harmful side effects such as internal bleeding, nullifying the intended benefit.
Information Booster:
1.
Fallacy of Composition:
· Assumes that what is true for an individual part is also true for the whole or for a larger scale.
· Example: "Each ingredient in this dish is delicious, so the dish must be delicious."
2.
Why Aspirin Is Dose-Sensitive:
· Low doses (typically 75-100 mg daily) help prevent blood clots.
· High doses can lead to severe side effects like stomach ulcers or bleeding.
3.
Critical Thinking Tip:
· Always question whether scaling up or applying part-truths to the whole is valid, especially in health-related claims.
Additional Knowledge:
1.
(b) Begging the question:
· Occurs when the argument assumes the truth of the conclusion instead of proving it.
· Example: "Aspirin works because it prevents heart attacks."
·
Not applicable here because the argument does not assume its conclusion.
2.
(c) Hasty generalisation:
· Happens when a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient evidence.
· Example: "One person benefited from aspirin, so it works for everyone."
·
Not applicable here because the statement does not generalize based on limited evidence.
3.
(d) Slippery slope:
· Happens when it is argued that a relatively small step will inevitably lead to a chain of events with significant consequences.
· Example: "If we allow aspirin today, tomorrow we’ll be taking all kinds of pills."
·
Not applicable here as there is no chain of hypothetical events in the argument.
English
10 Questions
20 Marks
12 Mins
