Correct option is D
The statement "Ford cars are lemons, I have owned two and they gave me nothing but trouble" commits the fallacy of Hasty Generalization. This fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn about an entire group or category based on insufficient or limited evidence.
The claim that all Ford cars are unreliable is based solely on the experience of two cars owned by the speaker.
The sample size (two cars) is too small and unrepresentative to justify a sweeping generalization about all Ford cars.
Information Booster:
What is Hasty Generalization?
A logical error where a conclusion is drawn about a group based on an inadequate or biased sample.
Example: "I met two rude French people; therefore, all French people are rude."
How to Avoid Hasty Generalizations:
Use larger, representative samples.
Acknowledge that individual experiences may not reflect broader trends.
Seek additional data before forming conclusions.
Other Common Fallacies Related to Generalizations:
Sweeping Generalization: Applying a general rule to a specific case without considering exceptions.
Post hoc fallacy: Assuming causation based solely on sequence.
Additional Knowledge
(a) Inappropriate appeal to authority:
This fallacy occurs when an argument relies on an authority figure who is not qualified in the relevant field.
No appeal to authority is made in this argument.
(b) False alternative:
This fallacy occurs when only two options are presented as if they are the only possibilities.
The argument does not restrict choices to false alternatives.
(c) No fallacy:
A fallacy is present because the conclusion about all Ford cars is based on insufficient evidence.