TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes – Indian National Congress – Moderates 1

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Indian National Congress – Moderates 1

Introduction

• The early nationalists in the INC came from the elite sections of the society. 

• Lawyers, college and university teachers, doctors, journalists and such others represented the Congress. 

• However, they came from different regions of the country and this made INC a truly a national political organization. These leaders of the INC adopted the constitutional methods of presenting petitions, prayers and memorandums and thereby earned the moniker of “Moderates”.

• 1885-1905 Moderates phase –   In this phase the Congress continued to be loyal to the British crown.

Important Moderate Leaders 

• A.O. Hume
• W.C. Banerjee,
• Surendra Nath Banerjee, 
• Dadabhai Naoroji, 
• Feroze Shah Mehta,
• Gopalakrishna Gokhale,
• Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, 
• Badruddin Tyabji,
• Justice Ranade and
• G.Subramanya Aiyar.

A.O. Hume 

• Founder of INC.
• Retired ICS officer 

 W.C. Bannerjee

• Full name –  Umesh Chandra Banerjee

• • First INC president. 72 delegates attended first congress session.
  • Out of a total of 72 delegates, 22 members were from Madras.

• He proposed the formation of standing committees of the Congress 

• Again  he became INC  president  in 1892 in Allahabad session

• He was the general secretary of London Indian Society founded by 

Dadhabai Naoroji.

Surendranath Banerjee

• Populary called as the Indian Burke and Rashtraguru 

• He founded Indian Association in 1876 to agitate for political reforms. 

• He founded The Bengalee newspaper in 1879

• He  convened the 1883 Indian National Conference  

• 1886 – Indian National Conference  was merged with the Indian National Congress

• He firmly opposed the Partition of Bengal.

• He played an important role in Swadeshi movement for advocating about boycotting of foreign goods.

Dadabhai Naoroji

• Popularly called as Grand Old Man of India.

• He is regarded as India’s unofficial Ambassador in England
• He was the first Indian to become a Member of the British House of Commons
• 1865- Founded the India Society
• 1866- Founded the East India Association  in London
• 1870s – He was elected to the Bombay Municipal Corporation and Town Council 
• 1892 – Elected to the British Parliament.
• 1901- Book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule of the British in India’. In this book, he put forward the concept of ‘drain of wealth’. He stated that in any country the tax raised would have been spent for the wellbeing of the people of that country. But in British India, taxes collected in India were spent for the welfare of England. Naoroji argued that India had exported an average of 13 million pounds worth of goods to Britain each year from 1835 to 1872 with no corresponding return.
• British Government was forced to appoint the Welby Commission, with Dadabhai as the first Indian as its member, to enquire into matter
• Dadabhai Naoroji founded and edited two journals called Voice of India and RastGoftar
• He was elected thrice as the President of the INC.

• 1886- Calcutta 
• 1893- Lahore 
• 1906- Calcutta

1. Subramanya Aiyar

• Popularly called as Grand old man of South India
• He preached nationalism through the Madras Mahajana Sabha. 
• He also founded the The Hindu – 1878 and Swadesamitran – 1882. 

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

• Political guru of Gandhi. 

• 1905-  Founded the ‘Servants of India Society’.

Methods Of Moderates

• The Moderates used petitions, resolutions, meetings, leaflets and pamphlets memorandum and delegations to present their demands
• The Moderates had total faith in the British sense of justice and fair play.
• They were loyal to the British. 
•  They confined their political activities to the educated classes only. 
• Their aim was to attain political rights and self-government stage by stage.

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