TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes – Demands of Moderates

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Demands of Moderates 

• Expansion and reform of legislative councils.
• Greater opportunities for Indians in higher posts by holding the ICS examination simultaneously in England and in India. 
• Separation of the judiciary from the executive.
• More powers for the local bodies.
• Reduction of land revenue and protection of peasants from unjust landlords.
• Abolition of salt tax and sugar duty.
• Reduction of spending on army.
• Freedom of speech and expression and freedom to form associations.

Achievements of Moderates 

The Indian Councils Act of 1892

• The Indian Councils Act of 1892 was the first achievement of the Indian National Congress.
• It had increased the number of “additional members” in the Central Legislative Council i.e., from 10 – 16 from 6-12
• It had also increased the proportion of non-officials – 6 officials and 10 non-officials
• The members were allowed to discuss the budget and criticize the financial policy of the government.
• In the provinces also the number of additional members was increased with additional powers

Limitations 

• The officials retained their majority in the council, thus making ineffective the non-official voice.
• The ‘reformed’ Imperial Legislative Council met, during its tenure till 1909, on an average for only thirteen days in a year, and the number of unofficial Indian members present was only five out of twenty-four.
• The budget could not be voted upon, nor could any amendments be made to it. 
• Supplementaries could not be asked, nor could answers to any question be discussed.
• The Moderates were able to create a wide national awakening among the people.
• They popularized the ideas of democracy, civil liberties and representative institutions.

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