TNPSC Free Notes History – Economic Conditions

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Economic Conditions

Agriculture
 Kamandaka wrote Nitisara. It emphasises the importance of the royal treasury and
mentions various sources of revenue.
 The many ambitious military campaigns of kings like Samudragupta must have been
financed through revenue surpluses.
Agriculture and Agrarian Structure
 Agriculture flourished in the Gupta period due to establishment of irrigation works.
Apart from the state and individual cultivators, Brahmins, Buddhists and Jain sanghas
brought waste lands under cultivation when they were donated to them as religious
endowments.
 Cultivators were asked to maintain their crops properly from damages and those who
indulged in damaging the crops were punished. Likewise, crops and fields were fenced.
 The crops cultivated during the Gupta period were paddy, wheat, barley, peas, lentils,
pulses, sugarcane and oil seeds.
 From Kalidasa, we come to know that the south was famous for pepper and cardamom.
Varahamihira gives elaborate advice on the plantation of fruit trees.
 As stated in Paharpur plates, an officer called ustapala maintained records of all the
land transactions in the district and the village accountant preserved records of land in
the village.
 During the Gupta period, the land was classified as detailed below.

Irrigation
 From the Narada Smriti, we understand that there were two kinds of dykes: the
bardhya, which protected the field from floods, and the khara, which served the
purpose of irrigation.
 To prevent inundation, jalanirgamah (drains) were constructed, which is mentioned by
Amarasimha. Canals were constructed not only from rivers but also from tanks and
lakes.
 The most famous lake was the Sudarsana lake at the foot of Girnar Hills in Gujarat.
Position of Peasantry
 The position of peasantry was undermined.
 They were reduced to the position of serfs due to the caste classification and also due to
the granting of various privileges and lands to others.

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