Which of the following Prämaņas (means of knowledge) is differentiated into Svärtha (for oneself) and Parartha (for others) types?

Correct option is B

The Pramāṇa that is differentiated into Svārtha (inference for oneself) and Parārtha (inference for others) is Anumāna (inference).
Anumāna (inference):
· Svārtha Anumāna: The process of reasoning used by an individual to arrive at knowledge for their own understanding without explicitly stating the reasoning steps.
· Parārtha Anumāna: The process of inference presented as a logical argument to convince others, typically structured in five steps (pañcāvayava):
· Pratijñā: Proposition
· Hetu: Reason
· Udāharaṇa: Example
· Upanaya: Application
· Nigamana: Conclusion
Information Booster 1. Types of Anumāna:
· Svārtha (for oneself): Inference conducted mentally to understand a fact or derive knowledge for personal cognition.
· Parārtha (for others): A structured inference used to demonstrate or convince others, often presented in debates or discussions.
2. Pañcāvayava Structure of Parārtha Anumāna:
· Proposition (Pratijñā): Statement of what is to be proven.
· Reason (Hetu): Justification for the proposition.
· Example (Udāharaṇa): Supporting example, with universal concomitance (vyāpti).
· Application (Upanaya): Relating the example to the specific case.
· Conclusion (Nigamana): Final logical conclusion.
Additional Knowledge · Option (a): Pratyakṣa (perception):
· Direct, immediate knowledge gained through the senses (e.g., seeing a tree). Not divided into Svārtha and Parārtha.
· Option (c): Upamāna (comparison):
· Involves analogical reasoning (e.g., recognizing a gavaya by comparison to a cow). Does not require separate internal and external differentiation.
· Option (d): Śabda (verbal testimony):
· Knowledge gained through authoritative verbal sources. While Śabda can be conveyed to others, it does not involve internal inference.