Correct option is A
The correct answer is (a); Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion A: The statement seems to contain a typo; it likely intended to say "Buddhism is a nastik school of philosophy," which means it is considered part of the non-orthodox (nastika) schools in Indian philosophy because it does not accept the authority of the Vedas.
Reason R: This statement is correct. The distinction between 'astika' and 'nastika' schools in Indian philosophy primarily revolves around the acceptance of the Vedas' authority. 'Astika' schools accept the authority of the Vedas, whereas 'nastika' schools do not.
Given the intended correction for Assertion A, Buddhism is indeed considered a 'nastika' school because it does not accept the Vedas' authority.