Match List I with List II

List I	List II
A. Arthapatti	​I. Conchshell is not a bone according to vedas
B. Abhava	II. A chair is not a table
C. Upamana	III. He does not eat in day time; he is fat. He eats innight
D. Sabda	IV. This cow is different from domestic cow must be a nilgai

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

Correct Matching:

• Arthapatti: Refers to the inference based on certain facts (A-III). In this case, "He does not eat in daytime; he is fat. He eats at night" implies the assumption that something is missing, like night eating causing weight gain.
• Abhava: Refers to absence or negation (B-II). The example “A chair is not a table” is a clear instance of negation, showing the difference between two objects.
• Upamana: Refers to analogy or comparison (C-IV). "This cow is different from a domestic cow; it must be a nilgai" is an analogy between the two types of cows.
• Sabda: Refers to verbal testimony or knowledge acquired through words (D-I). “Conchshell is not a bone according to Vedas” is an example of knowledge obtained through scripture or verbal testimony.

Information Booster:

• Arthapatti is a term used in Indian philosophy, especially in Nyaya and Vedanta, and refers to the inference made to explain an observation.
• Abhava is a concept in Indian logic that addresses the absence of something in particular.
• Upamana involves comparing two objects that share common characteristics to infer similarities, used in epistemology.
• Sabda is a type of pramana (valid means of knowledge) that denotes information gained through testimony, often used in Vedanta and Nyaya.

Additional Knowledge:

• These terms are part of the Indian philosophy of logic (Nyaya Shastra), which defines various methods through which knowledge can be acquired.
• These concepts have relevance in how reasoning and epistemology have developed in Indian schools of thought.