‘Assessment for learning’ should be :

Correct option is C

‘Assessment for learning’ is an ongoing process that aims to provide continuous feedback to enhance student learning and understanding. It is formative in nature, meaning it is used to inform and improve learning while it is happening, rather than simply measuring it at the end (as with exams or standardized assessments). This approach contrasts with norm-referenced and exam-centric assessments, which rank students against each other or focus primarily on final outcomes. Therefore, formative assessment is the correct approach for 'assessment for learning.'