UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 PDF (Download for Free)

The UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 promotes conceptual understanding of physical and human geography. The UPMSP Geography Syllabus also assists students in connecting these concepts to real-world socioeconomic applications. The syllabus is broken down into three sections:

• Theory Part A (Fundamentals of Human Geography),
• Theory Part B (India: People and Economy), and
• Part C (Practical Work).

The complete UP Board Class 12 Geography exam curriculum was carefully prepared by the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP). The syllabus provides a balanced approach to theoretical comprehension and practical abilities through map marking.

UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26

Geography continues to be a required subject for UPMSP Class 12th students, particularly those interested in humanities, and who will take competitive examinations in the future. All students should download the UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 to maintain track of the chapters, unit weightage, and practical components covered over the academic year.

Part A – Fundamentals of Human Geography (35 Marks)

• Part A covers the fundamentals of human geography, while Part B discusses India’s people and economy.
• Both parts carry 35 points apiece, for a total of 70. The remaining 30 marks are for practical assessment.

Students must comprehend the syllabus to determine which units and chapters will be covered during board test preparation. Students should also use previous year’s papers and sample papers to better comprehend the exam format and the themes that are commonly repeated.

Part B – India: People and Economy (35 marks)

• UP Board Class 12th Geography Syllabus for 2025-26 Part B focuses on India, guiding students through population distribution, migration patterns, forms of human settlements, resources, and economic development in the country.
• This will provide students with an in-depth understanding of how geography affects the people and economy of India.

Class 12 UP Board Geography Syllabus 2025 – Theory

Here is a detailed list of all the chapters and sub-topics included in the two parts of the Class 12 UP Board Geography syllabus 2025:

Geography Syllabus Part A – Fundamentals of Human Geography (35 Marks)

Unit I

Human Geography – Nature and Scope

– Human geography and the man-environment relationship, human geography – definitions and branches

Unit II

World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth

– Factors influencing population distribution, patterns of population distribution, population growth and factors affecting it, population composition, demographic transition theory, and population control measures

Unit III

Human Development

– Definition, growth, and dimensions of human development, indicators of human development, human development index

Unit IV

Primary Activities

– Types of economic activities: hunting and gathering, pastoralism, agriculture (subsistence, intensive, commercial, plantation), mining and fishing

– Agriculture types and major areas of production, major fishing zones

Unit V

Secondary Activities

– Manufacturing types, classification of industries, location factors, industrial regions

– Impact of industries on environment

Unit VI

Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

– Services, trade and commerce, transport types and significance, communication and tourism

Unit VII

Transport and Communication

– Modes of transport and their importance: roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways

– Means of communication, modern communication methods, cyberspace

Unit VIII

International Trade

– History of international trade, international trade types and routes, trade balance, World Trade Organisation (WTO), India’s foreign trade.

Part B – India: People and Economy (35 Marks)

Unit I

Population – Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition

– Population distribution, growth and density in India, linguistic, religious, and occupational composition

Unit II

Migration

– Types, causes, and consequences of migration, rural-urban migration, inter-state and international migration

Unit III

Human Settlements

– Types and distribution of rural and urban settlements, classification of towns, development of urban settlements

Unit IV

Resources and Development

– Land resources, land use types, land degradation, water resources (utilization and conservation), natural vegetation, soil resources, forest and wildlife resources

Unit V

Agricultural Activities

– Types of farming in India, major crops, cropping patterns, productivity, agricultural development and policies

Unit VI

Industries

– Industrial regions, industrial development and its impact, classification of industries in India

Unit VII

Planning and Sustainable Development in India

– Planning types, regional development, development policies and programmes, environmental conservation and sustainable development

Unit VIII

Transport and Communication

– Transport infrastructure in India – roadways, railways, waterways, airways, pipelines

– Communication types: personal, mass, and digital communication

Unit IX

International Trade and Trade Development

– India’s trade direction and composition, recent changes and major trade partners

Unit X

Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

– Environmental pollution, urban waste disposal, rural-urban migration and challenges, disaster management, health indicators and problems.

UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025 – Practical

The UP Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 includes Section C, which is dedicated to ‘Practical Assessment’. It entails gathering information, presenting it using various sorts of diagrams, and comprehending topographic maps.

• This portion is worth 30 points out of 100, allowing students to move beyond textbook learning and engage with maps, data, and real-world examples.
• Students are also required to keep a practical file that documents their hands-on work throughout the year.

Here are the chapter names and their practical assessment:

Chapter 1: Data Source and Data Collection
– Types and sources of data, census, surveys, field visits, observation

Chapter 2: Data Representation
– Types of diagrams: bar, pie, line, etc.

Chapter 3: Map-based Statistical Diagram Representation (Topographical Maps)
– Analysis of topographical maps, location identification, slope, drainage pattern, and land use.

Chapter 4: Practical File Preparation
– Preparation of a practical record book, field study report, chart making, and presentation of survey data.

Class 12 UP Board Geography Syllabus

The Class 12th UP Board Geography syllabus for 2025-26 is designed to give students a thorough understanding of both physical and human geography. Having the official UP Board Syllabus helps in tracking what to study, creating a correct timeline, and ensuring that no topic is overlooked during preparation. Here is the official curriculum PDF for your reference.

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