CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Case Based Questions for Half Yearly Exams -

The incorporation of case studies into the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies question paper represents a significant change towards an application-oriented approach. These CBSE Class 12th Case Studies-based questions are designed to reflect real-world business difficulties, putting students’ theoretical knowledge to the test in both practical and analytical settings. To become more familiar with such questions, we have shared important CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Case Based Questions 2026 with solutions for Half-Yearly Exams on this page. Apart from that, if you are stuck in understanding the question or solutions, we may refer to the video solutions attached below.

Class 12 Business Studies Case Based Questions 2026

Business studies is a mandatory subject for CBSE Class 12 Commerce students since it teaches key concepts such as marketing, finance, and business management. To succeed on the Half-Yearly Exam, students must focus on key concepts and practical knowledge. Case studies, in particular, are based on real-life scenarios relating to business. This includes, for example, scenarios in which an individual raises a company concern, concerns with its administration, an interesting situation encountered, and a variety of other conditions. Students are expected to associate ideas in business and solve Class 12 Business Studies Case Based Questions based on their understanding of these concepts.

Business Studies Case Based Questions Solutions

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Important Class 12th Business Studies Case Based Questions

Case 1

Q. Piyush is the Production Manager of a shoe company called Comforty. He has 1000 workers working under him in his department. Piyush booked a special
order for 300 pairs of gents shoes at an estimated cost price of < 500 per pair plus 20% profit margin. The order is to be completed within 10 days. After completion of the order, Piyush found out that the production cost of one pair of shoes was < 600. He tried to find out the reason, but he couldn t. He reported it to the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer appointed Abhay to find out the cause. Abhay was not only a specialized Cost Accountant, but also a qualified Human Resource Manager. After two days, Abhay reported that the set targets could be completed with the help of only 800 workers, which revealed that there was overmanning in the organisation.

The organisation was not utilising the human resources optimally, which had led to higher labour costs. The above case highlights one of the points of importance of important functions of management.
(i) Identify the function of management.
(ii) State any two points of importance of the function of management identified in part (i), except the one discussed in the above case.

Answer:
(i) Identify the function of management.
The function of management highlighted in the above case is Staffing. Staffing ensures that the right number of employees are employed and utilised effectively in the organisation.
(ii) State any two points of importance of the function of management identified in part (i), except the one discussed in the above case.

1. Improves Efficiency: Staffing ensures that employees with the right skills and experience are recruited. This helps improve the efficiency and productivity of the workforce.
2. Facilitates Growth and Expansion: Proper staffing ensures that the organisation has the required talent to support growth and handle new challenges as the organisation expands.

Case 2

Q. Atul Sharma was the Chief Executive Officer of a footwear company, ‘Stepone Footwear’. The company manufactured innovative and comfortable footwear for all age groups. Atul Sharma was known for meticulous planning. He ensured that the goals and objectives of the company are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken and in which direction. Before each season, ‘Stepone Footwear’ carefully analysed market trends, customer preferences and production schedules. This analysis enabled the company to look ahead and anticipate changes and develop managerial responses, wherever necessary. As a result, they were able to consistently deliver innovative and comfortable shoes to the market.

During one season, there was a sudden surge in demand for eco-friendly shoes. ‘Stepone Footwear’ had already planned their production for the year with specific goals to be achieved within a specific time frame. The managers of ‘Stepone Footwear’ did not have the flexibility to change the plan to cope with the changed circumstances. Another shoe company, ‘Eco Step,’ quickly adapted and started manufacturing comfortable, eco-friendly shoes. By not being able to adjust to the rapidly changing market, ‘Stepone Footwear’ faced an inventory surplus while ‘Eco Step’ emerged as a market leader in sustainable, eco-friendly footwear.

Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain two benefits and two limitations of ‘Planning’ function of management discussed in the above case.

Answer:
Two benefits of planning function of management (with quotes):
1.”He ensured that the goals and objectives of the company are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken and in which direction.”

Explanation: Planning provides direction by clearly stating goals and objectives, which helps employees focus their efforts toward achieving them.

2.”Before each season, ‘Stepone Footwear’ carefully analysed market trends, customer preferences and production schedules. This analysis enabled the company
to look ahead and anticipate changes and develop managerial responses, wherever necessary.”
Explanation: Planning facilitates the anticipation of future changes by analysing trends and customer preferences, enabling the company to prepare for such
changes proactively.

Two limitations of the planning function of management (with quotes):
1.”The managers of ‘Stepone Footwear’ did not have the flexibility to change the plan to cope with the changed circumstances.”

Explanation: Planning can reduce flexibility, as it often requires adherence to predetermined courses of action, making it difficult to adapt to sudden changes.

2.”By not being able to adjust to the rapidly changing market, ‘Stepone Footwear’ faced inventory surplus while ‘Eco Step’ emerged as a market leader in sustainable eco-friendly footwear.”
Explanation: Planning may not guarantee success, especially if external factors or market dynamics change rapidly, rendering the initial plan ineffective.

Case 3

Q. VBR Cinema an Indian multiplex cinema hall was the first to recognize the change in consumption habits of people. It changed its food menu from burgers,
pizza, soft drinks, etc. and switched over to healthier options like salads and smoothies, soups and anjeer-based sweets. Within a month, the revenue of the
multiplex from sale of food items doubled. VBR Cinema , by continuously monitoring the environment and adopting suitable business practices, was able
to improve its revenues and profits and was hopeful that it will continue to succeed in the market in the long run too. Identify and explain one dimension of
business environment and one point of importance of understanding the business environment highlighted in the above case.

Answer: Business Environment Analysis
1. Dimension of Business Environment:

Social Environment
Quote from the case: “VBR Cinema an Indian multiplex cinema hall was the first to recognize the change in consumption habits of people. It changed its food menu from burgers, pizza, soft drinks, etc. and switched over to healthier options like salads and smoothies, soups and anjeer-based sweets.”

Explanation: The social environment includes changes in consumer preferences, lifestyle, and trends. VBR Cinema adapted to the growing preference for healthy food, which reflects a shift in social behavior and dietary awareness.

2. Importance of Understanding Business Environment:

Helps in Identifying Opportunities and Gaining First Mover Advantage
Quote from the case: “Within a month, the revenue of the multiplex from the sale of food items doubled.”
Explanation: By recognizing the shift in consumer preferences early, VBR Cinema was able to modify its offerings before competitors, leading to increased sales and profitability.

Case 4

Q. Nalini has an online flower and gifts retail business. She has eight outlets in four cities of India. From November to February, during the wedding season, the demand shoots up. She coordinates the efforts of her staff in a conscious and deliberate manner and plans for the wedding season demand in the month of June itself. She ensures that there is adequate workforce and continuously monitors whether work is proceeding according to plans. She also briefs the marketing department in time to prepare their promotional and advertising campaigns. Thus, her coordination with all departments of the organization begins at the planning stage and continues till controlling. This acts as a binding force between the departments and ensures that all action is aimed at achieving organizational
goals. As a result, Nalini is able to give a common focus to group effort to ensure that the business is performing as planned, year after year.

Quoting lines from the above paragraph, identify and explain four features of an important concept of management highlighted in the above case.

Answer: Features of Coordination in Management
The important concept of management highlighted in the case is Coordination. Coordination ensures that different departments work together to achieve organisational goals effectively.

Four Features of Coordination with Quotes:
1. Coordination is a Deliberate and Continuous Process
•Quote: “She coordinates the efforts of her staff in a conscious and deliberate manner and plans for the wedding season demand in the month of June itself.”
•Explanation: Coordination is a planned activity that requires conscious efforts. It is not automatic but a continuous process that begins with planning and continues till the goals are achieved.

2 .Coordination Ensures Unity of Action
•Quote: “This acts as a binding force between the departments and ensures that all action is aimed at achieving organizational goals.”
•Explanation: Coordination helps unify the efforts of all departments so that they work towards the same objectives without conflicts or confusion.

3. Coordination Integrates Efforts Across Functions
•Quote: “She also briefs the marketing department in time to prepare their promotional and advertising campaigns.”
•Explanation: Coordination ensures that various functions like marketing, HR, and production are aligned with organizational objectives, facilitating smooth operations.

4.Coordination is Required at All Levels of Management
•Quote: “Her coordination with all departments of the organization begins at the planning stage and continues till controlling.”
•Explanation: Coordination is needed at every stage of management, from planning to controlling, ensuring efficiency and goal achievement.