CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26, Download Official PDF here

The CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF guide covers all of the major topics, as well as new additions and eliminated content, to ensure you get the most up-to-date information. This CBSE Class 10th Science syllabus is intended to provide a firm foundation in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, ensuring that students are well prepared for further study. It comprises important themes such as Matter, Force, Motion, Food Production, and Organisation in the Living World. Practical tests and internal evaluations contribute to the overall result. Students can read and download the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus PDF to complete the curriculum here.

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26

The CBSE Class 10 Science exam consists of 100 marks, with 80 for the theory paper and 20 for the internal assessment. The CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for the academic year 2025-2026 is divided into five major units: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour, World of Living, Natural Phenomena, Effects of Current, and Natural Resources. These units have varying weightages in the final assessment, as follows:

Class 10 Science Sample Paper with Solutions

Unit-wise CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus

The whole 10th-grade science syllabus is divided into five units, and each unit features different concepts. To secure good marks, students must have a good command of each unit. Let’s look at the CBSE Class 10th Science Syllabus units and topics included in a detailed manner.

Unit I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour

• Chemical Reactions and Equations: Chemical reactions, Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic, exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.
  Acids, Bases and Salts: Acids and Bases – definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, identification using indicators, chemical properties, examples and uses, neutralisation, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching
  powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
• Metals and Non-metals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.
• Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonds – formation and properties of covalent compounds, Versatile nature of carbon, Hydrocarbons – saturated and unsaturated, Homologous series. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, alkyne and carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes). Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps anddetergents.

Unit II: World of Living

• Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plantsand animals.
  Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.
• Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – needand methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.
• Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination; brief introduction.

Unit III: Natural Phenomena

• Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification.
• Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivationnot required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications ofspherical mirrors and lenses.
• Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Unit IV: Effects of Current

• Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.
• Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current-carrying conductor, field due to current-carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Unit V: Natural Resources

• Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

CBSE Class 10 Science Practical Exam Syllabus

In the class 10 Science exam, practical exams hold a significant mark that helps students boost their overall marks. Alongside the theory Exam Syllabus, students must also emphasise the practical syllabus. To complete the syllabus in time, they need to contact their teachers from time to time, as the practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. A. Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator: Unit-I
a) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
b) Dilute NaOH solution
c) Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
d) Lemon juice
e) Water
f) Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution

B. Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with: Unit-I
a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
b) Zinc metal
c) Solid sodium carbonate

2. Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into: Unit-I
a) Combination reaction
b) Decomposition reaction
c) Displacement reaction
d) Double displacement reaction

• Action of water on quicklime
• Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals
• Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution
•  Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions

3. Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions: Unit-I
a) ZnSO4 (aq)
b) FeSO4 (aq)
c) CuSO4 (aq)
d) Al2 (SO4)3 (aq)
Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on theabove result.

4. Studying the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current
(I) passing through it and determine its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and I. Unit-IV
5. Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series and parallel. Unit-IV
6. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata. Unit- II
7. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration. Unit-II
8. Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid): Unit- I
a) Odour
b) solubility in water
c) effect on litmus
d) reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
9. Study of the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. Unit- I

10. Determination of the focal length of: Unit-III
a) Concave mirror
b) Convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object.

11. Tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence andinterpret the result. Unit – III
12. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides. Unit-II
13. Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism. Unit-III
14. Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidney bean). Unit-II

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