Who discussed three elements—factual, casual, and valuational—in political theory?

Correct option is D

George H. Sabine, in his works on political theory, identified and discussed three key elements of political theory: factual, causal, and valuational. These elements reflect the multifaceted nature of political thought, combining empirical observation, cause-and-effect analysis, and normative judgments about what ought to be.
Explanation of the Three Elements:
1. Factual: Refers to the empirical aspect of political theory, dealing with observable phenomena, such as political institutions, processes, and behavior.
2. Causal: Focuses on explaining the relationships and dynamics between political events and entities, seeking to understand the "why" behind political phenomena.
3. Valuational: Involves normative judgments and ethical considerations about justice, rights, and the ideal political order.
Information Booster:
1. Sabine's classification highlights the interdisciplinary nature of political theory, integrating facts, analysis, and values.
2. His approach underscores the necessity of balancing empirical evidence with normative considerations in political studies.
3. The factual and causal elements align with the scientific analysis of politics, while the valuational element reflects the philosophical dimension.
4. Sabine’s work remains influential in understanding the methodology and scope of political theory.