Correct option is A
Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, coined the term 'Deep Ecology' in 1973. Naess introduced deep ecology as a movement and philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings, regardless of their utility to human needs, and calls for a fundamental shift in human consciousness and environmental policies. Deep ecology contrasts with "shallow ecology," which focuses on environmental conservation for human benefits. It advocates for a deeper ecological perspective that emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature and the interconnectedness of all forms of life.
Information Booster:
1. Deep Ecology emphasizes a holistic view of the world, advocating for the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity beyond anthropocentric interests.
2. Arne Naess argued for a deeper, philosophical reflection on environmental issues, promoting sustainability, and respect for nature's intrinsic values.
3. The movement seeks a transformation in society's relationship with nature, urging for less consumption, reduced exploitation of natural resources, and more sustainable living.
4. Rachel Carson is known for her book "Silent Spring" (1962), which helped spark the modern environmental movement, but she did not coin the term Deep Ecology.
5. Murray Bookchin was a social theorist who critiqued deep ecology from a social ecology perspective, emphasizing the role of societal structures in ecological degradation.
6. Carolyn Merchant is known for her work in ecofeminism, exploring the relationship between environmental issues and gender dynamics.
