Correct option is C
The statement (c) Learning as a product rather than a process is not correct about learning. Learning is widely recognized as a process, not merely a product. This process perspective emphasizes the ongoing, continuous nature of learning where knowledge is constructed and skills are developed over time through various experiences and interactions. Viewing learning as merely a product focuses too narrowly on the outcomes and fails to recognize the importance of the developmental journey and the dynamic changes that occur in the learner's understanding and abilities.
Information Booster:
(a) Correct. Learning often involves the reorganization or adjustment of existing cognitive structures or schemas, as posited by theorists like Jean Piaget. This reorganization allows for accommodation and assimilation of new information.
(b) Correct. Learning is often enhanced through social interactions, as supported by Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which emphasizes the role of social environment and cultural tools in the development of cognitive functions.
(d) Correct. Learning is significantly influenced by what the learner already knows, a concept central to constructivist theories, which state that new knowledge is built upon the foundation of previous knowledge.