Mastery Oriented learners typically attribute success to__________ and failure to__________.

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) ability and effort; insufficient effort.

Mastery-oriented learners, also known as intrinsically motivated learners, believe that success stems from their own abilities and efforts. They see learning as a path to personal growth, and they enjoy challenges because these provide opportunities to improve and demonstrate competence.

Information Booster

1. Growth Mindset: Coined by Carol Dweck, it underpins mastery orientation and emphasizes learning over proving oneself.
2. Internal Attribution: Success and failure are explained through internal factors like effort, not luck or task difficulty.
3. Resilience in Learning: Mastery-oriented learners bounce back from failure more effectively.
4. Long-Term Achievement: Such learners achieve better long-term outcomes because they focus on understanding, not just performance.
5. Positive Self-Perception: They develop a strong sense of self-efficacy and confidence in their ability to learn.

Additional Knowledge

• (a) ability and good luck; task difficulty: This reflects an external locus of control and is more typical of performance-oriented or helpless learners.
• (b) ability and effort; bad luck: Though partially internal, blaming bad luck reflects avoidance of personal accountability.
• (c) ability and good luck; low ability: This implies inconsistency and may indicate low self-efficacy or helpless attribution style.