Which of the following are included in Bruner's theory of cognitive development?

A. Enactive

B. Echoic

C. Iconic

D. Symbolic

E. Deontic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

Jerome Bruner's theory of cognitive development includes the following three modes of representation:

1. Enactive Mode (A):
• Learning and understanding through physical actions or motor responses.
• Example: A child learning by manipulating objects.
2. Iconic Mode (C):
• Learning through mental images or visual representations.
• Example: Recognizing shapes or pictures.
3. Symbolic Mode (D):
• Learning through abstract symbols, such as language or numbers.
• Example: Solving math problems using equations or reading a text.

These modes describe how humans process information and develop cognitively, progressing from concrete actions (enactive) to visual representations (iconic) to abstract thinking (symbolic).

Information Booster:

1. Bruner emphasized that cognitive development is not age-specific like Piaget’s stages but depends on the way knowledge is represented.
2. His theory is foundational for constructivist learning approaches, emphasizing active discovery and problem-solving.
3. Progression through the three modes of representation is flexible and can occur simultaneously in certain contexts.

Additional Information:

• Echoic (Option B): Part of sensory memory, unrelated to Bruner's cognitive modes.
• Deontic (Option E): Related to obligations, not cognitive development.