Correct option is D
Post-Behaviouralism emerged as a response to the limitations of behaviouralism in political science, focusing on the need to make the discipline more relevant to societal needs and concerns. Substance before technique emphasizes the importance of the content of political science research over the methods used, which is a core tenet of Post-Behaviouralism. This shift reflects a critique of the behavioural focus on methodology at the expense of addressing substantive issues. Social change as its motto indicates the movement’s commitment to applying political science knowledge towards achieving societal improvements, marking a departure from the value-free analysis promoted by behaviouralism. The politicization of professions suggests that professionals, including political scientists, should engage with political issues and use their expertise to influence policy and public opinion, aligning with the post-behaviouralist call for activism and relevance in research. Techniques and quantification, while important in the behavioural approach for their emphasis on empirical and statistical methods, are not considered most important in Post-Behaviouralism, where the focus shifts towards relevance, values, and action.
Information Booster:
Techniques and quantification were emphasized more in Behaviouralism, which Post-Behaviouralism reacts against by advocating for a balance where substance and impact on society take precedence. This reflects a broader intellectual movement across the social sciences, questioning the purpose and direction of research in relation to societal needs and ethical considerations.