When judgements are based on the information present in our memories, we are using the:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d); Availability Heuristic.
When judgments are based on the information present in our memories, we are using the Availability Heuristic. This is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. The availability heuristic operates on the notion that if something can be recalled, it must be important, or at least more important than alternative solutions which are not as readily recalled. Hence, individuals tend to heavily weigh their judgments toward more recent information, making new opinions biased toward that latest news.
Information Booster: -
• Heuristic (a) is a broad term for strategies that simplify decision-making by allowing individuals to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently, but not necessarily with the availability of all information.
• Confirmation Bias (b) describes the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.
• Representative Heuristic (c) is another mental shortcut that involves judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; it can lead to errors in judgment due to overreliance on stereotypical factors or the assumption that small samples accurately represent the whole category.