Match List I with List II

List I	List II
A. Programmed Instruction	I. Benjamin Bloom
B. Mastery Learning	II. B. F. Skinner
C. Simulation	III. Tom Good
D. Direct Instruction	IV. Carl Smith

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

• A (Programmed Instruction): II (B. F. Skinner) – B. F. Skinner is known for developing programmed instruction, which uses a step-by-step approach where learners progress at their own pace and receive immediate feedback. This model is deeply rooted in behaviorist principles.
• B (Mastery Learning): I (Benjamin Bloom) – Benjamin Bloom is known for Mastery Learning, where students are required to master a concept or skill before progressing to the next one. The model aims to ensure that all students achieve a certain level of understanding, often leading to equitable outcomes for diverse learners.
• C (Simulation): IV (Carl Smith) – Carl Smith emphasized the use of simulations in learning, particularly for fields that require hands-on practice. Simulations are used to create real-world scenarios in a controlled environment, allowing students to develop problem-solving skills and critical thinking.
• D (Direct Instruction): III (Tom Good) – Tom Good is known for promoting Direct Instruction (DI), which is a teacher-centered method involving highly structured lessons and clear objectives. Direct Instruction is highly effective in teaching basic skills, especially in subjects like reading and math.

Information Booster:

• Programmed Instruction emphasizes self-paced learning, where students engage in small learning steps with immediate feedback, which allows for individualized instruction.
• Mastery Learning requires students to fully understand a concept before progressing, which is beneficial in promoting long-term retention and success in learning.
• Simulations in education are commonly used in subjects such as medical training, engineering, and military education, where real-life practice is difficult to achieve.
• Direct Instruction is based on a highly structured curriculum and is designed to ensure clarity and efficiency in teaching, with an emphasis on explicit teaching strategies.

Additional Knowledge:

• Programmed Instruction has been widely applied in e-learning and self-paced courses, especially in the context of online education.
• Mastery Learning has been used effectively in schools that aim to close the achievement gap by ensuring every student masters the material at their own pace, allowing for individualized assessments.
• Simulations are highly effective for complex, practical skills, such as flight simulation in aviation training or surgical simulations in medical education.
• Direct Instruction focuses on teacher-led explanations, practice, and immediate feedback, often used in basic education and remedial programs to ensure fundamental skill development.