Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Classical Indian Logicians (Naiyāyikas) recommend the use of the negative modal or counter-factual conditional (tarka) to fortify or confirm the major premise. Statement II: Naiyāyikas accept tarka as a valid independent source of knowledge.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

· Statement I is true because Naiyāyikas use tarka (counter-factual reasoning) to support or confirm a major premise in an argument.
· Statement II is false because tarka is not considered an independent source of valid knowledge by the Naiyāyikas. It is a reasoning tool, not a separate pramāṇa (means of knowledge) like perception or inference.
Information Booster: 1. Tarka (Counter-factual Reasoning): A logical method used to strengthen or clarify an argument by considering hypothetical alternatives.
2. Naiyāyikas' Pramāṇas: The Naiyāyikas recognize four sources of valid knowledge: Perception (Pratyakṣa), Inference (Anumāna), Comparison (Upamāna), and Verbal Testimony (Śabda).