Given below are two statements
Statement I: According to Classical Indian School of Logic, the method of induction is used to affirm the major premise, since generality or universality cannot be perceived.
Statement II: Classical Indian Logicians give separate treatment of the inductive method.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct option is B

Statement I is false: In the Classical Indian School of Logic, particularly in Nyāya philosophy, the major premise of an inference ( anumāna) is established through repeated observation, but it is not strictly based on induction in the Western sense. The Naiyāyikas rely on a process called vyāpti (invariable concomitance) rather than inductive generalization to affirm the major premise. Vyāpti is established through careful observation and reasoning, but it is not purely inductive. Therefore, while generality is not directly perceived, it is affirmed through vyāpti rather than induction.
Statement II is false: Classical Indian Logicians, such as the Naiyāyikas, do not provide a separate treatment of induction as a distinct method of inference. Instead, their logical system primarily focuses on deductive reasoning (anumāna), and the role of inductive reasoning is subsumed under the establishment of vyāpti (universal concomitance). Induction is not recognized as an independent pramāṇa (means of knowledge) in Indian logic.
Information Booster 1. Vyāpti (Invariable Concomitance):
· Refers to the universal relationship between two phenomena (e.g., smoke and fire).
· Vyāpti is necessary for making valid deductive inferences (anumāna).
2. Anumāna (Inference):
· The process of drawing conclusions based on premises and the knowledge of vyāpti.
· Example: "There is smoke on the hill; wherever there is smoke, there is fire; therefore, there is fire on the hill."
3. Induction in Indian Logic:
· Induction is not treated as a separate means of knowledge (pramāṇa).
· Instead, it is part of the reasoning process for establishing universal relationships.