Social change can not be perceived by which of the following view point?

Correct option is D

 Sojourn

• Ideational refers to ideas, beliefs, and values, all of which play a role in shaping social change.
• Value patterns involve the ways in which values within a society evolve, which also affects social change.
• Cognitive structure is concerned with mental models and frameworks, which can influence how changes in society are perceived.
• Sojourn, on the other hand, refers to a temporary stay or visit in a place, often implying short-term experiences. This does not typically provide a comprehensive perspective for understanding the deeper, long-term social changes that occur.

Thus, Sojourn is not an effective viewpoint for perceiving social change.