Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Thinkers)	List-II (Concepts/Ideas)
A. A. Comte	I. Size and density
B. E. Durkheim	II. Level of intellectual development
C. K. Marx	III. Evolution and Complexity
D. H. Spencer	IV. Economic Influence

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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Correct option is B

A – II, B – I, C – IV, D – III

1. A. A. Comte: Auguste Comte, considered the father of sociology, is known for his concept of the "Law of Three Stages," which describes the level of intellectual development of societies. He believed that societies progress through theological, metaphysical, and positive stages of thought. So, A matches with II.

2. B. E. Durkheim: Émile Durkheim, a key figure in the development of sociology, emphasized the importance of social facts and social solidarity. He used the concepts of "mechanical" and "organic solidarity" to explain how societies are held together. These concepts are related to size and density of societies, as larger and more dense populations lead to organic solidarity. So, B matches with I.

3. C. K. Marx: Karl Marx, a critical theorist and economist, focused on the role of economic influence and class struggle in shaping society. He developed the theory of historical materialism, which emphasizes the economic base as the foundation of social structure. So, C matches with IV.

4. D. H. Spencer: Herbert Spencer, a British philosopher and sociologist, applied the concept of evolution and complexity to the study of society. He argued that societies evolve from simple to complex forms, similar to biological organisms. So, D matches with III.