Match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Thinkers)	List-II (Work)
A. G.H. Mead	I. Structuration
B. E. Goffman	II. Governmentality
C. M. Foucault	III. Symbolic interactionism
D. A. Giddens	IV. Total institutions

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

A – III, B – IV, C – I, D – I

• A. G.H. Mead is best known for his development of the theory of Symbolic Interactionism (III). Mead focused on how individuals create meanings and identities through social interactions and communication.

• B. E. Goffman is famous for his work on Total Institutions (IV). In his book Asylums, Goffman discusses how institutions such as prisons, mental hospitals, and military barracks shape the lives of individuals through control and regulation.

• C. M. Foucault is widely associated with the concept of Governmentality (II). Foucault's work on how modern states govern and exercise control over individuals, particularly through surveillance and power, is central to the theory of governmentality.

• D. A. Giddens is known for his work on Structuration (I). Giddens' theory of structuration emphasizes the duality of structure, where social structures are both the medium and the outcome of social actions.

Information Booster:

1. Symbolic Interactionism: G.H. Mead developed this theory, which emphasizes that people create meanings through social interactions. It is one of the most influential theories in micro-sociology.

2. Total Institutions: E. Goffman’s study of total institutions explores how places of extreme social control, like asylums and prisons, significantly shape individuals' behaviors.

3. Governmentality: M. Foucault introduced governmentality as the art of governing beyond just political institutions, focusing on how power operates through subtle, everyday mechanisms in societies.

4. Structuration: A. Giddens introduced the theory of structuration, suggesting that human action and social structures are interdependent, where structures are both shaped by and shape individuals' actions.

Additional Information:

• G.H. Mead: Known for his work in symbolic interactionism, Mead also contributed to the understanding of the "self," emphasizing the role of society and social interactions in self-development.

• E. Goffman: His work, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, explores how individuals manage their identities in social situations, influencing later theories in sociology and social psychology.

• M. Foucault: His theories on power, knowledge, and discipline have had a profound impact on modern sociology, especially in terms of understanding how societal institutions shape behaviors.

• A. Giddens: A major figure in the development of social theory, Giddens' work on structuration has influenced how sociologists understand the relationship between individual agency and structural systems.