Match List I with List II

List I	List II
A. Pre-Scientific Management Era	I. Frederik W. Taylor
B. Classical Management Era	II. George Elton Mayo
C. Neo-Classical Era	IIII. Ernest Dale
D. Modern Management Era	IV. Charles Babbage and Robert Oven

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

The correct match is:
· A-IV: Pre-Scientific Management Era - Charles Babbage and Robert Owen were early thinkers who contributed to the ideas of efficiency and management practices before formal theories were established.
· B-I: Classical Management Era - Frederik W. Taylor is associated with scientific management during the classical management era.
· C-II: Neo-Classical Era - George Elton Mayo led the Hawthorne Studies, which marked the beginning of the Neo-Classical era focusing on human relations.
· D-III: Modern Management Era - Ernest Dale contributed to modern management ideas such as contingency theory.
Information booster:
1. Pre-Scientific Era focused on practical solutions, without formal management theories.
2. Classical Era emphasized efficiency and productivity through scientific management principles.
3. Neo-Classical Era introduced human relations into management, recognizing the social needs of workers.
4. Modern Management Era integrates both classical principles and behavioral science, focusing on flexibility and organizational complexity.
Additional Knowledge:
· Frederik W. Taylor: Known as the father of scientific management, Taylor introduced methods to improve industrial efficiency.
· George Elton Mayo: His work on the Hawthorne Studies laid the groundwork for human relations management.
· Ernest Dale: A key figure in modern management, known for his writings on contingency management and decision-making processes.
· Charles Babbage and Robert Owen: Early contributors who laid the groundwork for future management theories by addressing issues like productivity and workers' welfare.
Key Points:
· The management era evolves from focusing purely on mechanical efficiency to understanding human relations and flexibility.
· Taylor's scientific management became the foundation for systematic analysis of work processes.
· Modern management emphasizes adaptability to varying circumstances (contingency theory).