Match the column

Match List I with List II.

Codes

Correct option is D

1. (a) Vygotsky – (ii) Socio-cultural cognitive theory:
· Lev Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and culture in cognitive development. His theory highlights scaffolding and zone of proximal development (ZPD).
2. (b) Piaget – (v) Cognitive development theory:
· Jean Piaget proposed stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational), focusing on how children actively construct knowledge.
3. (c) Lorenz – (iv) Ethological theory:
· Konrad Lorenz is known for ethological theory, which emphasizes the biological basis of behavior, particularly imprinting in early life.
4. (d) Bronfenbrenner – (iii) Ecological theory:
· Urie Bronfenbrenner developed the Ecological Systems Theory, explaining how a child’s development is influenced by multiple layers of environmental systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem).
Information Booster:
· Vygotsky: Learning precedes development; cognitive growth occurs through social interaction.
· Piaget: Cognitive abilities develop in stages; constructivist approach.
· Lorenz: Studied animal behavior, highlighting critical periods and innate behavior.
· Bronfenbrenner: Introduced a holistic view of child development influenced by various environmental factors.