'Zone of proximal development' was proposed by:

Correct option is B

The concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was proposed by Lev Vygotsky. ZPD refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help and guidance of others but cannot yet perform independently, highlighting the role of social interaction in learning.
Information Booster: Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development is foundational in educational psychology and developmental theory. It emphasizes that cognitive development is a social process where learning occurs through interaction with more knowledgeable others (e.g., parents, teachers, peers). Effective teaching targets this zone by providing appropriate scaffolding to help children progress from assisted to independent task completion.
Additional Knowledge:
· (a) Piaget: Known for stages of cognitive development but did not propose ZPD.
· (c) Bowlby: Developed attachment theory focusing on child-caregiver bonds.
· (d) Ainsworth: Expanded on Bowlby's work with attachment styles research.