Lev Vygotsky proposed that children should be provided ________ to facilitate learning.

Correct option is C

Lev Vygotsky emphasized the role of scaffolding in facilitating learning. Scaffolding refers to the support provided by a more knowledgeable person (teacher, parent, or peer) to help a child perform tasks they cannot complete independently. This support is temporary and is gradually removed as the child becomes capable of performing the task independently.
Scaffolding is closely related to Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which identifies the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance. By tailoring assistance to the child’s specific needs, scaffolding helps the child internalize knowledge and develop problem-solving skills. Vygotsky’s approach emphasizes the importance of collaboration, dialogue, and interactive learning.

Information Booster

1. Key Features of Scaffolding:

   • Involves breaking tasks into manageable steps.
   • Encourages active participation and engagement from the child.
   • Adapts to the child’s progress, gradually withdrawing support as they gain independence.
   • Promotes skill mastery within the child’s ZPD.

2. Effective scaffolding requires understanding the learner’s current abilities and offering just enough support to challenge and guide them.

3. Examples of scaffolding include using visual aids, asking guiding questions, and providing hints or demonstrations.

4. It emphasizes the collaborative nature of learning, involving active teacher-student or peer interaction.

5. Scaffolding plays a vital role in cognitive and emotional development, fostering confidence and autonomy.

Additional Knowledge

(a) Negative Feedback
Vygotsky did not advocate for the use of negative feedback in learning as it may hinder motivation and self-esteem. His theories focused on constructive support that encourages learning rather than punitive measures.

(b) Rewards
While rewards can motivate learning, they align more with behaviouristic theories like those of B.F. Skinner. Vygotsky’s approach focused on intrinsic motivation through meaningful interactions and cognitive development rather than external incentives.

(d) Positive Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement, like rewards, is central to behaviourism. While it can encourage repetition of desirable behaviors, it does not align with Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory, which stresses cognitive and social interactions as key to learning.