Hepatic caecae are originated from:

Correct option is C

Hepatic caecae are digestive glandular outgrowths found in the alimentary canal of many invertebrates, especially insects (e.g., grasshoppers). They play a key role in secreting digestive enzymes and aiding nutrient absorption. These structures are part of the midgut, which is embryologically derived from the endoderm.
Embryological Origin of Digestive Structures:
The three germ layers during embryonic development give rise to different organ systems:
· Ectoderm: Forms the outer covering of the body, nervous system, and the foregut and hindgut linings (only their epithelial parts).
· Mesoderm: Gives rise to muscles, circulatory system, skeleton, and other support tissues.
· Endoderm: Develops into the epithelial lining of the midgut and the digestive glands (e.g., liver, pancreas in vertebrates, hepatic caecae in invertebrates).
Since hepatic caecae arise from the midgut, their embryological origin is clearly from the endoderm.
Explanation for Each Option
(a) Ectoderm ❌
· Ectoderm forms the outermost layer of the body and contributes to the nervous system, skin, and linings of the foregut and hindgut, not midgut-derived structures like hepatic caecae.
(b) Mesoderm ❌
· Mesoderm forms muscles, bones, and blood vessels, not the epithelial lining or secretory organs of the midgut.
(c) Endoderm ✅
· This is the correct layer, responsible for forming the epithelium of the midgut and its glandular outgrowths, such as hepatic caecae.