Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Karl Marx wrote his masters' dissertation on Hegel.
Statement II: In a Communist society, nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d).
· Statement I is false because Karl Marx did not write his master's dissertation on Hegel. Instead, Marx’s thesis was titled “The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature”, which focused on ancient Greek materialist philosophers Democritus and Epicurus. While Hegel influenced Marx's thinking, his dissertation was not specifically on Hegel.
· Statement II is true because in Marx’s vision of a Communist society, the division of labor as it exists in capitalist societies would be abolished. Individuals would be free to engage in a variety of activities without being confined to a specific role or profession. This idea reflects Marx's broader critique of alienation and specialization under capitalism.
Information Booster:
1. Karl Marx was influenced by Hegelian philosophy, particularly Hegel's dialectics, but his early work critiqued materialism through ancient Greek philosophers.
2. Marx's master’s dissertation was completed in 1841 and focused on the different approaches to nature in the works of Democritus and Epicurus.
3. In a Communist society, according to Marx, the rigid division of labor would no longer define individuals. People would have the freedom to pursue different types of work, reflecting their varied interests and talents.
4. Marx critiqued the capitalist division of labor for leading to alienation, where workers become disconnected from the products of their labor and their potential.
5. In his writings, especially in the “German Ideology”, Marx envisioned a society where individuals could engage in various activities like hunting in the morning, fishing in the afternoon, and criticizing after dinner, without being confined to a single occupation.
6. The idea of a Communist society is central to Marx's belief in the eventual dissolution of class distinctions and oppressive structures.
Additional Information:
· Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a German idealist philosopher, had a significant influence on Marx's development of dialectical materialism, although Marx critiqued Hegel's idealism.
· Marx's collaboration with Friedrich Engels, particularly in works like The Communist Manifesto, further elaborated the idea of a classless, stateless society.
· Alienation: Marx's theory of alienation describes how workers in a capitalist system are alienated from their labor, the products they produce, and their own humanity.
· Materialism vs. Idealism: While Hegel focused on dialectical idealism, Marx inverted this to emphasize dialectical materialism, which focuses on material conditions as the driving force of historical change.