Ethological theory of attachment was proposed by

Correct option is D

The Ethological Theory of Attachment was proposed by John Bowlby, a British psychologist. This theory emphasizes the role of biological instincts in attachment formation, suggesting that infants are born with an innate tendency to form emotional bonds with caregivers for survival.
· Bowlby argued that attachment behaviors (e.g., crying, clinging) evolved to ensure proximity to a caregiver, which increases the child's chances of survival.
· His work was influenced by ethology (the study of animal behavior), particularly Konrad Lorenz’s research on imprinting in geese.
· He introduced the concept of "secure base", where a caregiver provides a safe environment for the child to explore the world.
Information Booster:
Key Components of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory:
Innate Process: Infants naturally seek attachment for survival. Critical Period: Strong attachment forms within the first two years of life. Internal Working Model: Early attachment experiences shape future relationships. Types of Attachment (Expanded by Mary Ainsworth): Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganized.
Additional Information:
Jean Piaget (a): Developed the Cognitive Development Theory, explaining how children’s thinking evolves.
Pavlov (b): Known for Classical Conditioning (dog salivation experiments).
Erik Erikson (c): Proposed the Psychosocial Development Theory, focusing on emotional growth across eight life stages.