Match List - I with List - II:

​Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is B

1. (A) Balance Score Card – (III) Robert Kaplan and David P. Norton
   The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic planning and management tool developed by Kaplan and Norton. It helps organizations align business activities with their vision and strategy by monitoring performance across four perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Processes, and Learning & Growth.

2. (B) TOWS Matrix – (I) Heinz Weihrich
   The TOWS Matrix is an advanced version of the SWOT analysis developed by Heinz Weihrich. It is a strategic tool used to generate strategic options by matching external opportunities and threats with internal strengths and weaknesses.

3. (C) Product/Market Evolution Matrix – (II) C.W. Hofer
   C.W. Hofer proposed this matrix, which is used for analyzing strategies based on market and product evolution, helping firms decide on innovation, diversification, or consolidation.

4. (D) VRIO Framework – (IV) Jay Barney
   The VRIO Framework, developed by Jay Barney, is used to analyze a firm's internal resources and capabilities to discover sustainable competitive advantage. It stands for Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization.

Information Booster:

​The Balance Scorecard, introduced by Kaplan and Norton, is a strategic tool that goes beyond financial metrics to include customer, internal processes, and learning perspectives—allowing organizations to align operations with strategic goals.

The TOWS Matrix, developed by Heinz Weihrich, is an extension of the SWOT analysis that focuses first on external factors and helps in formulating strategic options like SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies.

C.W. Hofer’s Product/Market Evolution Matrix provides a framework for understanding product and market maturity and guides firms in decision-making regarding innovation or consolidation.

Lastly, the VRIO Framework by Jay Barney is used to assess the internal resources of an organization based on four criteria—Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization—helping firms identify sources of sustained competitive advantage.​