Who among the following is not associated with ‘The Chicago School’?

Correct option is C

Ferdinand Tonnies

The Chicago School of Sociology was a significant sociological tradition that emerged in the early 20th century at the University of Chicago. It focused on urban sociology, human ecology, and social behavior in cities. Scholars from this school used empirical research methods, particularly ethnographic fieldwork, to study urban environments and social interactions.

The major figures associated with the Chicago School include:

• Robert Park – A pioneer in urban sociology and human ecology.
• Ernest Burgess – Developed the Concentric Zone Model of urban structure.
• Louis Wirth – Known for his work Urbanism as a Way of Life (1938), which analyzed the social impact of urbanization.

On the other hand, Ferdinand Tönnies was a German sociologist who was not part of the Chicago School. He is best known for his concepts of "Gemeinschaft" (community) and "Gesellschaft" (society), which explained social relationships in rural and urban settings.

Information Booster:

• The Chicago School (Early 20th Century) focused on studying urban social structures and how individuals interact within city environments.
• Robert Park introduced the Human Ecology Model, emphasizing how social environments influence behavior.
• Ernest Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model described how cities expand outward in rings from a central business district.
• Louis Wirth’s Urbanism Theory examined how city life creates unique social relationships, emphasizing diversity and impersonal interactions.
• Chicago School scholars used fieldwork and ethnographic research, leading to major contributions in criminology, race relations, and migration studies.
• Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936) was not part of this movement; instead, he studied social cohesion and differentiation in pre-modern and modern societies.

Additional Information:

• Robert Park (Chicago School): Studied urban social structures and race relations.
• Ernest Burgess (Chicago School): Developed a model of urban expansion and social organization.
• Louis Wirth (Chicago School): Analyzed urban lifestyles and their effects on human behavior.
• Ferdinand Tönnies (Not Chicago School): Differentiated Gemeinschaft (community-based societies) from Gesellschaft (modern urban societies) in social theory.