Correct option is D
Explanation-
Alpine grasslands are found in the Himalayan region of India, especially in high-altitude zones like Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim. These forests are characterized by grasses, herbs, and shrubs, suited for cold, windy, and dry conditions above the tree line.
Tundra, Boreal forest, and Taiga are primarily found in Arctic or sub-Arctic regions (e.g., Siberia, Canada, and Scandinavia), and do not naturally occur in India.
Incorrect options-
Option a - Tundra
A cold, treeless biome with permafrost (permanently frozen ground), found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. India does have high-altitude cold regions (e.g., Ladakh), but true tundra—with permafrost and treeless plains—is not characteristic of the Indian landscape. The conditions in India’s cold regions do not match the extreme tundra biome found in places like Greenland or northern Russia.
Option b - Boreal Forest (Taiga)
It is also known as taiga, it is a biome dominated by coniferous forests, found in the northern hemisphere, especially in Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. India does not experience the long, extremely cold winters typical of boreal forests. The vegetation (mainly spruce, fir, and pine) typical of boreal forests does not occur naturally across vast tracts in India. The latitude and climate of India are not suited for a true boreal forest biome.
Option c - Taiga
This is essentially another name for boreal forest—a cold-climate coniferous forest biome.
So, the correct answer is option d - Alpine grasslands
