Correct option is D
The three prescribed levels of teaching are Memory, Understanding, and Reflective. These levels represent a hierarchical cognitive structure that aligns with the depth and complexity of learning. Memory level involves rote memorization and recall. Understanding level promotes comprehension and interpretation of concepts. Reflective level is the highest, involving deep thinking, problem-solving, and application in novel contexts. The term "Differentiation" does not refer to a level of teaching but rather an instructional strategy used to cater to diverse learner needs, abilities, and interests. Therefore, option (d) Differentiation is not a level of teaching, making it the correct answer.
Information Booster
- Memory Level of Teaching:
- Teacher-centered approach.
- Focuses on recall and rote learning.
- Common in early education and for basic factual knowledge.
- Understanding Level of Teaching:
- Moves beyond rote to conceptual learning.
- Students explain, interpret, and summarize.
- Promotes active participation and comprehension.
- Reflective Level of Teaching:
- Student-centered and interactive.
- Encourages critical thinking, reasoning, and hypothesis testing.
- Suitable for advanced learners and higher education.
- Jerome Bruner and Hilda Taba:
- Supported teaching models that involve scaffolding from basic memory to higher-order thinking, which aligns with these three levels.
- Bloom’s Taxonomy Correlation:
- Memory level aligns with “Remembering.”
- Understanding with “Comprehending.”
- Reflective with “Analyzing,” “Evaluating,” and “Creating.”