Correct option is C
The Anti Goals of New Public Administration, introduced during the Minnowbrook Conference in the late 1960s, reflect a shift away from traditional bureaucratic and scientific approaches to governance. These Anti Goals include:
· Anti-Positivism: Rejection of the belief that social phenomena can be studied with the same methods as natural sciences.
· Anti-Technical: Criticism of over-reliance on technical-rational solutions in public administration, arguing that human values and ethical considerations must be incorporated.
· Anti-Hierarchical: A movement against rigid bureaucratic structures, promoting more flexible and decentralized systems.
However, Anti Values is not considered an Anti Goal of New Public Administration as values are central to its focus on ethics and responsiveness.
Information Booster:
1. New Public Administration (NPA) emerged as a response to the limitations of traditional public administration.
2. It emphasizes social equity, relevance, and democratic values in governance.
3. The Minnowbrook Conference (1968) was the origin point of NPA.
4. NPA challenged the efficiency-focused, value-neutral bureaucracy.
5. Anti-positivism rejects the idea that public administration can be value-free.
6. Anti-hierarchical structures aim to reduce bureaucracy and promote responsiveness.